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Carnelian
Excerpt from the Lexham Bible Dictionary, the most advanced Bible dictionary.
Also called “sardius.” A reddish-colored gemstone. In the Old Testament, a carnelian was placed in the top row of the high priest’s breastplate (Exod 28:17; 39:10). In the book of Revelation, carnelian is mentioned in the descriptions of heaven and the new Jerusalem (Rev 4:3; 21:20).
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The Lexham Bible Dictionary
Carnelian
Carnelian (אֹדֶם‎, odem). Also called “sardius.” A reddish-colored gemstone. In the Old Testament, a carnelian was placed in the top row of the high priest’s breastplate (Exod 28:17; 39:10). In the book of Revelation, carnelian is mentioned in the descriptions of heaven and the new Jerusalem (Rev 4:3;
Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible
Carnelian
Carnelian. Variety of chalcedony which may vary in color from deep red to almost white; mentioned as one of the foundation jewels in the wall of the New Jerusalem (Rv 21:20).See Minerals, Metals, and Precious Stones.
Sardine Stone
Sardine Stone. kjv form of carnelian in Revelation 4:3.See Minerals, Metals, and Precious Stones.
Sardius
Sardius. kjv form of carnelian in Ezekiel 28:13.See Minerals, Metals, and Precious Stones.
The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Revised
Carnelian
Carnelian [Heb. ’ōḏem (Ezk. 28:13); Gk. sárdinos (Rev. 4:3), sárdinon (21:20)]; AV SARDIUS, SARDINE STONE; NEB OT SARDIN, NT CORNELIAN. See Stones, Precious.
Tyndale Bible Dictionary
Carnelian
CARNELIAN Variety of chalcedony that may vary in color from deep red to almost white; mentioned as one of the foundation jewels in the wall of the new Jerusalem (Rv 21:20). See Stones, Precious.
Sardine Stone
SARDINE STONE* kjv form of carnelian in Revelation 4:3. See Stones, Precious #22.
Sardius
SARDIUS* kjv form of carnelian in Ezekiel 28:13. See Stones, Precious #22.
The HarperCollins Bible Dictionary (Revised and Updated)
Carnelian
carnelian, a deep orange-red chalcedony that was used as decoration on the high priest’s breastplate (Exod. 28:17; 39:10). It also appears in Ezek. 28:13, where it represents Tyre’s lost perfection. In Rev. 21:20 the same term reflects the incomparable glory of the new Jerusalem (cf. 4:3).
Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible
Carnelian
CarnelianA deep brown or red stone prized for carving and engraving. NJPSV, NAB, and NRSV read “carnelian” for Heb. ʾōḏem (LXX sárdion), an engraved stone on the high priest’s breastpiece (Exod. 28:17; 39:10) and a stone adorning the king of Tyre (Ezek. 28:13). In the NT the NAB, NIV, NRSV, and REB
Eerdmans Bible Dictionary
Carnelian
Carnelian. A hard, tough variety of the stone chalcedony having a reddish color. In the Old Testament this precious stone constituted part of the covering of the king of Tyre (Ezek. 28:13, Heb. ˒ōḏem “ruby”; KoB, p. 13; cf. KJV mg., NIV; KJV “sardius”; JB “sard”). In the New Testament
Sardius
Sardius [särˊdĭ əs] (Heb. ˒ōḏem; Gk. sárdion). A variety of orange-red stone, usually identified as sardius (RSV, Exod. 28:17; 39:10; KJV also Ezek. 28:13; JB “sard” NEB “sardin”) or carnelian (RSV, Ezek. 28:13). Both sardius (or sard) and carnelian are red varieties of chalcedony,
Smith’s Bible Dictionary
Sardine Sardius
Sardine, Sardius (red) (Heb. ôdem), the stone which occupied the first place in the first row of the high priest’s breast-plate. Ex. 28:17. The sard, which is probably the stone denoted by ôdem, is a superior variety of agate, sometimes called earnelian, and has long been a favorite stone for the engraver’s
Easton’s Bible Dictionary
Sardine stone
Sardine stone—(Rev. 4:3, R.V., “sardius;” Heb. ‘odhem; LXX., Gr. sardion, from a root meaning “red”), a gem of a blood-red colour. It was called “sardius” because obtained from Sardis in Lydia. It is enumerated among the precious stones in the high priest’s breastplate (Ex. 28:17; 39:10). It is our red
Harper’s Bible Dictionary
Sardius
Sardiussardius (sahrʹdee-uhs), a deep orange-red chalcedony considered by some to be a variety of carnelian. It was used as decoration on the high priest’s breastplate (Exod. 28:17; 39:10). It appears in the kjv in Ezek. 28:13 where the rsv has ‘carnelian’; it represents Tyre’s lost perfection. In
The Westminster Bible Dictionary
Sardius
Sarʹdi-us, the stone which occupied the first place in the first row of the high priest’s breastplate (Ex. 28:17; 39:10; Ezek. 28:13), and which formed the sixth foundation of the wall of the heavenly Jerusalem (Rev. 21:20). It is a superior variety of agate, of a clear, bright red color, and in modern
Holman Illustrated Bible Dictionary
Carnelian
CARNELIAN Hard, red precious stone, a variety of chalcedony. It was used to decorate the king of Tyre (Ezek. 28:13 NRSV) and could be used to describe the one sitting on the heavenly throne (Rev. 4:3 NIV, NRSV, HCSB) and formed part of the wall of the New Jerusalem (Rev. 21:20 NIV, NRSV, HCSB). See Minerals
Sardius
SARDIUS (Särʹ dĭ ŭs) Precious stone sometimes used to translate Hebrew odem, “red,” and Greek sardion. Other translators use “carnelian” or “ruby.” See “ruby” under Minerals and Metals.
See also
Topics & Themes
Chalcedony
Related
Sardius