Deuterocanonical and Pseudepigraphal Mentions

The name “Carnaim” appears in the deuterocanonical book 1 Maccabees 5:26, 43, 44 (and perhaps as “Carnion” in 2 Maccabees 12:26), where Judas Maccabeus defeats the Ammonite captain Timotheus and recaptures the ancient fortified city. According to this account, the city was still fortified during the Hellenistic period. The pseudepigraphal book of Jubilees includes Ashtaroth and Karnaim in a list of cities possessed by the Rephaim (Jubilees, 29:10).