Paul’s understanding of heaven and related themes must be placed within the wider context of his total eschatology (see esp. Lincoln 1981). As with other NT writers, Paul reveals a debt to, as well as a development of, both the OT and apocryphal and pseudepigraphical Jewish works, some knowledge of which is essential for an understanding of Paul’s thinking. 1. Background 2. Heaven 3. Things Above 4. Third Heaven, Paradise 5. Heavenlies