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The papal encyclical letters express the pope’s mind normally on matters of faith and morals. Apostolic exhortations often concern similar topics but do not define doctrine and are normally directed at encouraging certain groups within the Church to certain activities. In recent decades apostolic exhortations have most often been issued at the conclusion of synods of bishops and have served as...

9. The Gospel of Luke (cf. 6:13) tells us that Jesus named the Twelve “Apostles”, which literally means “envoys”, “those who are sent”. In the Gospel of Mark we read that Jesus also appointed the Twelve “to be sent out to preach” (3:14). This means that both the election and the establishment of the Twelve as Apostles are directed towards mission. Their first sending (cf. Mt 10:5; Mk 6:7; Lk 9:1–2) comes to its fulfilment in the mission that Jesus entrusts to them after the Resurrection, at the moment