EZRA’S SOCIAL DRAMA

Identity Formation, Marriage and Social Conflict in Ezra 9 and 10

Donald P. Moffat

BLOOMSBURY

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First published 2013

© Donald P. Moffat, 2013

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers.

Donald P. Moffat has asserted his rights under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as Author of this work.

No responsibility for loss caused to any individual or organization acting on or refraining from action as a result of the material in this publication can be accepted by Bloomsbury Academic or the author.

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

ISBN: HB: 978-0-567-60912-0

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress

LIBRARY OF HEBREW BIBLE/OLD TESTAMENT STUDIES

579

Formerly Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series

Editors

Claudia V. Camp, Texas Christian University

Andrew Mein, Westcott House, Cambridge

Founding Editors

David J. A. Clines, Philip R. Davies and David M. Gunn

Editorial Board

Alan Cooper, John Goldingay, Robert P. Gordon,

Norman K. Gottwald, James Harding, John Jarick, Carol Meyers,

Patrick D. Miller, Francesca Stavrakopoulou,

Daniel L. Smith-Christopher

Contents

Acknowledgments

Abbreviations

Introduction: Ezra’s Social Drama

Chapter 1

Social Science, Historicity and Identity

1. Social Sciences and Biblical Studies

a. Applying Social Science

b. Turner and Social Drama

c. Social Drama: Phases, Root Paradigms, Ritual and Symbolism

d. Social Drama and Biblical Studies

e. Social Science Summary

2. Ezra-Nehemiah and Historical Reconstruction

3. Identity

a. Identity Formation

b. Identity Formation as Context

4. Summary

Chapter 2

Yehud

1. Issues in Mapping Yehud

2. The Extent of Yehud

3. The Population of Yehud

4. Political Status

5. Summary

Chapter 3

Foundations for Reading Ezra 9 and 10

1. Nehemiah 8 and Ezra 7–10

a. Nehemiah 8 Displaced

b. The Original Position of Nehemiah 8

2. The Unity of Ezra 9 and 10

a. The Original Debate About Unity

(1) Two-Source Theories

(2) One-Source Theory A

(3) One-Source Theory B

(4) Summary

b. Recent Source-Critical Studies

c. Summary

Chapter 4

Ezra 9 and 10

1. The Problem Identified (Ezra 9:1–5)

a. The Report

b. Leaders and Israel

(1) The Leaders

(2) Israel

c. The Peoples of the Land(s)

(1) The List

(2) Identifying the Peoples of the Lands

d. Marriage is the Problem

(1) Marriage is Unfaithfulness

(2) Separating Racial or Religious Motives?

(3) Separation and Identity

(4) Summary...

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About Ezra’s Social Drama: Identity Formation, Marriage and Social Conflict in Ezra 9 and 10

Moffat aims to provide further insight into the mixed marriage narrative by exposing the social and cultural factors on which it is based. He also identifies historical traces in the narrative that can contribute to a historical reconstruction of the post-exilic era. The socio-cultural analysis highlights previously unobserved aspects of the narrative as it understands that the narrative reflects a context in which identity formation issues were prominent in Persian Yehud. Moffat argues that the rituals of mourning and penitential prayer are important acts that shaped the mixed marriage controversy. The label “foreign women” is identified as a symbol which carried considerable freight and connected the mixed marriages with wider social discourse on identity. Further, the Exodus traditions are shown to be significant for the conceptual foundations underlying the narrative and the society that produced it. The analysis also gives reason to understand Ezra as the pivotal character in narrative plot. This not only affects how the narrative is understood but has implications for historical reconstruction that utilizes this narrative.

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