Fazale Rana with Hugh Ross

WHO

was

ADAM?

A Creation Model Approach to the Origin of Man

© 2005 by Reasons To Believe

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ISBN 1-57683-577-4

Cover design by Kirk DouPonce, Dog-Eared Design

Cover photo by Miguel S. Salmeron, Getty

Creative Team: Rachelle Gardner, Arvid Wallen, Eric Stanford, Cara Iverson, Pat Reinheimer

Some of the anecdotal illustrations in this book are true to life and are based on information available in the public domain. All other illustrations are composites of real situations, and any resemblance to people living or dead is coincidental.

All epigraphs are taken from The Riverside Shakespeare, ed. G. Blakemore Evans (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1974).

All Scripture quotations in this publication are taken from the HOLY BIBLE: NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION® (niv®). Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984 by International Bible Society. Used by permission of Zondervan Publishing House. All rights reserved.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Rana, Fazale, 1963–

Who was Adam?: a creation model approach to the origin of man /

Fazale Rana with Hugh Ross.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 1-57683-577-4

1. Human evolution--Religious aspects--Christianity. 2. Human evolution. 3. Religion and science. I. Ross, Hugh (Hugh Norman), 1945–

II. Title.

BT712.R36 2005

233’.11--dc22

For Amy Rana and Kathy Ross

Contents

List of Figures

Acknowledgments

Introduction: Who Am I?

Part I: What Is Man?

1. The Differences Between David and Darwin

2. Fossil Record Facts

3. A Scientific Creation Model

Part II: The Song of Science

4. It’s All in the Genes

5. Bones and Stones

6. The Best Possible Time

7. How the Fountain of Youth Ran Dry

8. People On the Move

9. Is Human Evolution a Fact?

10. Bipedalism and Brain Size

11. Who Was Turkana Boy?

12. Who Were the Neanderthals?

13. What About Chimpanzees?

14. What About “Junk” DNA?

15. Mankind’s Identity Materializes

Index

List of Figures

Figures

1.1 An Image of Earth Taken from the Edge of the Solar System

2.1 The Biogeographical Distribution of Hominid Species Found in the African Fossil Record

2.2 Different Modes of Technology Found in the Archeological Record

2.3 Presumed Evolutionary Relationships Among the Australopithecines and Other Related Genera

2.4 The Multiregional Model

2.5 The Out-of-Africa Model

4.1 DNA Structure

10.1 Anatomical Differences Between Knuckle-Walkers and Bipeds

10.2 Hominid Encephalization Quotients

13.1 Protein Structure

13.2 Chromosome Structure

13.3 Human and Chimpanzee Chromosomal Comparison

14.1 Pseudogenes

14.2 SINEs and LINEs...