The IVP

Bible Background

COMMENTARY

New Testament

SECOND EDITION

CRAIG S. KEENER

InterVarsity Press

P. O. Box 1400, Downers Grove, IL 60515–1426

World Wide Web: www.ivpress.com

Email: email@ivpress.com

Second Edition: ©2014 by Craig S. Keener

First Edition: ©1993 by Craig S. Keener

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without written permission from InterVarsity Press.

InterVarsity Press® is the book-publishing division of InterVarsity Christian Fellowship/USA®, a movement of students and faculty active on campus at hundreds of universities, colleges and schools of nursing in the United States of America, and a member movement of the International Fellowship of Evangelical Students. For information about local and regional activities, write Public Relations Dept., InterVarsity Christian Fellowship/USA, 6400 Schroeder Rd., P.O. Box 7895, Madison, WI 53707-7895, or visit the IVCF website at www.intervarsity.org.

“Jerusalem in NT Times” map: Taken from Urchistliche Mission by Eckhard J. Schnabel. Copyright © 2002 R. Brockhaus Verlag, Wuppertal.

“Paul’s Missionary Journeys” maps: Taken from Rediscovering Paul © 2011 by Jordan Capes. Used by permission.

“Jewish Eschatology / Christian Eschatology” diagram: Taken from A Theology of the New Testament by George Eldon Ladd. Copyright © by George Eldon Ladd. Used by permission of Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids.

“A Chiasmus (Acts 2:22–36)” outline: Taken from Poet & Peasant by Kenneth E. Bailey. Copyright © 1976 by Kenneth E. Bailey. Used by permission of Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids.

“Major Figures in the Herodian Family” chart: Taken from Josephus and the New Testament, 2nd edition, by Steve Mason. Copyright © 2002 by Steve Mason. Used by permission of Baker Academic, a division of Baker Publishing Group.

Cover design: Cindy Kiple

Image: © hanoded/iStockphoto

ISBN 978-0-8308-7782-9 (digital)

ISBN 978-0-8308-2478-6 (print)

This book is dedicated to our brothers and sisters

on the frontline of evangelism in Africa, Asia, Latin America,

the inner cities of North America and the many other places

where followers of Jesus are paying a high price

to proclaim his gospel in truth. Many of them have not had

the time or opportunity to pursue the original cultural context

of the New Testament, but I pray with all my heart

that this book will be useful to them in their service

to our Lord Jesus Christ.

Contents

Preface and Acknowledgments

List of Abbreviations

How to Use This Commentary

The Need for a Cultural-Historical Commentary

Gospels

Matthew

Mark

Luke

John

Acts

New Testament Letters

Romans

1 Corinthians

2 Corinthians

Galatians

Ephesians

Philippians

Colossians

1 Thessalonians

2 Thessalonians

1 Timothy

2 Timothy

Titus

Philemon

Hebrews

James

1 Peter

2 Peter

1 John

2 John

3 John

Jude

Revelation

Glossary

Maps and Charts

Old Testament Scripture Index

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IVPBBC NT 2ed.

About The IVP Bible Background Commentary: New Testament (Second Edition)

This revised edition of the standard reference work in its field has been expanded throughout to now provide even more up-to-date information by Craig Keener, one of the leading New Testament scholars on Jewish, Greek and Roman culture.

To understand and apply the Bible well, you need two crucial sources of information. One is the Bible itself. The other is an understanding of the cultural background of the passage you’re reading.

Only with the background can you grasp the author’s original concerns and purposes. This unique commentary provides, in verse-by-verse format, the crucial cultural background you need for responsible—and richer—Bible study. It includes a glossary of cultural terms and important historical figures, maps and charts, up-to-date bibliographies, and introductory essays about cultural background information for each book of the New Testament.

Based on decades of in-depth study, this accessible and bestselling commentary is valuable for pastors in sermon preparation, for Sunday-school and other church teachers as they build lessons, for missionaries concerned not to import their own cultural biases into the Bible, for college and seminary students in classroom assignments, and for everyday Bible readers seeking to deepen and enhance their study of Scripture.

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