The Use of the Septuagint
in New Testament Research

R. Timothy McLay

William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company
Grand Rapids, Michigan / Cambridge, U.K.

© 2003 Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.

All rights reserved

Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.
255 Jefferson Ave. S.E., Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503 /
P.O. Box 163, Cambridge CB3 9PU U.K.

08 07 06 05 04 03 7654321

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

McLay, R. Timothy.
The use of the Septuagint in New Testament research / R. Timothy McLay.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and indexes.

ISBN 0-8028-6091-5 (pbk.: alk. paper)

1. Bible. O.T. Greek—Versions—Septuagint. 2. Bible. N.T.—

Criticism, Textual. 3. Bible. N.T.—Relation to the Old Testament. I. Title.

BS744.M35 2003

221.4′8—dc21

2003052854

www.eerdmans.com

Dedicated to Luke

(1989–1996)

Contents

Preface

Abbreviations

Introduction

The Terminology: LXX and OG

The Terminology: MT and HB

The Terminology: Scripture and Canon

Issues in LXX Research

The Use of Scripture in the New Testament

Outline of Contents

1. The Use of Scripture in the New Testament

The Texts

Comparing the OG and MT

The Meaning of the OG vs. the MT

Why Is the OG Different?

Comparing the NT to the OG and MT

Why Is the NT Quotation Different from Both the MT and the OG?

Do We Have and Can We Recognize All the Relevant Sources?

How Was Scripture Cited?

How Did the NT Writers Use Their Sources?

What Accounts for the NT Authors’ Freedom with Respect to Their Sources?

Theories on the Use of Scripture in the NT

Explicit Quotation vs. Allusion

Identifying Sources

Exegetical and Hermeneutical Methods

Summary

2. Identifying a Source as Greek or Hebrew

Is the Source Hebrew or Greek?

Translation Technique

Defining the Purpose

The Focus on Literalism

Reservations concerning the Focus on Literalism

Five Presuppositions for Translation Technique

TT Is Descriptive

TT Is Primarily Synchronic

Langue and Parole

TT Is an Analysis of Structure

TT Takes the Source Language as Its Point of Departure

Summary

3. A Model for TT

An Overview of TT Analysis

Element of Translation

Adjustment

Motivation

Effect on Meaning

Summary

4. The Origin of the Septuagint and Its History

The Origins of the Septuagint

Explanations for the Origins of the LXX

The Remaking of the LXX Text

The Relationships between the Texts

New Recensions and Translations

Analyzing a Citation

Summary

5. The Impact of the LXX on the NT

Scripture in the Early Church

The Use of the LXX in the NT

The Vocabulary of the LXX and the NT

Citations of the LXX in the NT

Theological Influence of the LXX

Summary

6. Summary, Conclusions, and Prospects

Glossary of Terms

Bibliography

Index of Authors

Index of Scripture and Ancient Writings

Preface

When I sat down in front of my computer to begin writing this book, I hardly felt the need to justify my reasons for doing so. In a virtual ocean of commentaries and texts probing the mysteries of the Hebrew and Christian Scriptures we might be able to siphon off a bucket that has been devoted to what we commonly ...

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About The Use of the Septuagint in New Testament Research

The Septuagint is often misunderstood or completely ignored in New Testament studies. In The Use of the Septuagint in New Testament Research, R. Timothy McLay makes a sustained argument for the influence of the Greek Jewish Scriptures on the New Testament and offers basic principles for bridging the research gap between these two critical texts.

McLay explains the use of the Septuagint in the New Testament by looking in depth at actual New Testament citations of the Jewish Scriptures. The Use of the Septuagint in New Testament Research reveals the true extent of the Septuagint’s impact on the text and theology of the New Testament. Indeed, given the textual diversity that existed during the first century, the Jewish Scriptures as they were known, read, and interpreted in the Greek language, provided the basis for much, if not most, of the interpretive context of the New Testament writers. While the Septuagint may previously have played a relatively minor role in New Testament scholarship, this book demonstrates how an informed knowledge of the Greek Jewish Scriptures enhances our understanding of the New Testament.

Complete with English translations, a glossary of terms, an extensive bibliography, and helpful indexes, this book will give readers a new appreciation of the Septuagint as an important tool for interpreting the New Testament.

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Table of Contents