TYPOS

THE TYPOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION OF THE OLD TESTAMENT IN THE NEW

by

LEONHARD GOPPELT

Translated by

DONALD H. MADVIG

Foreword by

E. EARLE ELLIS

William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company

Grand Rapids, Michigan

Copyright © 1982 by Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.

255 Jefferson Ave., S.E., Grand Rapids, MI 49503

All rights reserved

Translated from Typos: Die typologische Deutung des Alten Testaments im Neuen, copyright © C. Bertelsmann Verlag, 1939

This edition published through special arrangement with Gütersloher Verlagshaus Gerd Mohn, Germany, and sponsored by the Institute for Biblical Research

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Goppelt, Leonhard, 1911–1973.

Typos, the typological interpretation of the Old Testament in the New.

Translation of: Typos, die typologische Deutung des Alten Testaments im Neuen.

Originally presented as the author’s thesis (doctoral—Erlangen, 1939) Includes indexes.

1. Typology (Theology) 2. Bible. N.T.—Relation to the Old Testament. I. Title.

Holy Bible: New International Version. Copyright © 1978 by the New York International Bible Society. Used by permission of Zondervan Bible Publishers.

CONTENTS

Foreword

Author’s Preface to the German Reprint

Preface

I. INTRODUCTION

PART ONE: TYPOLOGY IN LATE JUDAISM

II. PALESTINIAN JUDAISM

1. The Apocrypha

2. The Pseudepigrapha

3. The Rabbinical Writings

a. The Sources

b. The Interpretation of Scripture in the Haggadah of the Tannaim

4. The Eschatology

III. HELLENISTIC JUDAISM

1. Philo

a. General Characteristics

b. Biblical Interpretation in Philo’s Writings

i. Philo’s Exposition of the Mosaic Law

ii. Philo’s Commentary on Genesis

c. Philo’s Method of Interpretation

i. Literal and Figurative Interpretation

ii. Allegorical Interpretation

d. The Philosophical Basis for Philo’s Hermeneutics

2. Hellenistic Judaism before Philo

a. Aristobulus

b. The Epistle of Aristeas

c. 4 Maccabees

d. The Wisdom of Solomon

3. Summary: The Place of Typology in Late Judaism

PART TWO: TYPOLOGY IN THE NEW TESTAMENT

IV. THE SYNOPTIC GOSPELS AND ACTS: JESUS CHRIST

1. The Prophet

a. The Basis

b. Jesus’ Redemptive Acts

i. His Preaching of Repentance

ii. His Proclamation of Salvation in Word and Action

iii. His Manner of Using His Authority

c. Jesus’ Death

2. The Son of David and Lord

3. The Son of Man

a. The Content and Origin of the Concept “Son of Man” in the New Testament

b. The Second Adam

c. The Righteous Sufferer

V. THE SYNOPTIC GOSPELS AND ACTS: THE CHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST

1. The Calling of the Twelve New Tribes

2. The People of the New Covenant and the Means of Their Redemption Are Established in the Institution of the Lord’s Supper

3. The Church of Pentecost

Appendix I. Typology in the Early Church’s Witness to Christ as Recorded in Acts

Appendix II. Typology in the Epistle of James

VI. THE PAULINE EPISTLES

1. Typology and Paul’s Use of Scripture

2. Christ the Second Adam Who Brings the New Creation

a. Christ the Antitype ...