Fulfilled in Christ

The Sacraments

A Guide to Symbols and Types in the Bible and Tradition

by Fr Devin Roza, LC

Verbum

2014

Nihil Obstat

Thomas Fox, L.C., Censor Deputatus

Imprimi Potest

Eduardo Robles Gil, L.C., General Director

September 3, 2014

Imprimatur

† Filippo Iannone

Vicegerent of Rome

From the Vicariate of Rome, January 13, 2015

For Mom and Dad

Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law and the Prophets; I have come not to abolish them but to fulfill them.

Matthew 5:17

Table of Contents

ABBREVIATIONS

Biblical Abbreviations

Liturgical Abbreviations

FOREWORD

INTRODUCTION

Typology in the Church Fathers and in the Scriptures

Typology in the Catechism of the Catholic Church

The Literal and the Spiritual Sense

God’s Plan, the Unity of the Old and New Testaments, and Typology

The Fulfillment of God’s Plan

Completing the Picture

Defining Typology

Recent Reservations

The Goal of This Book

Acknowledgments

HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE

BAPTISM

Types

Waters at Creation

Rivers of Eden

Fruit of the Tree of Life

Flood

Dove

Circumcision

Crossing of the Red Sea

Pillar of Cloud and Fire

Water of Marah

Crossing of the Jordan River

Holy of Holies

Anointing of Priests, Prophets, and Kings

Healing of Naaman

Healing at the Sheep Gate Pool

Opening of the Ears and Mouth

Water from the Side of Christ

Symbols

Anointing

Baptism of Fire

Dew from Above

Dove

Fountain of Water

The Fountain of Water is the Holy Spirit

Christ, the Living Water, Flows from Mary as from a Fountain

The Fountain of Water Flows from Christ

The Fountain Gives Birth to the Sacraments

Especially to Baptism

The Fountain Nourishes Us in the Eucharist

The Fountain Can Be Drunk through the Word of God and Prayer

Believers Can Share the Fountain with Others

The Fountain Is in Heaven

Illumination / Light / Candle

Immersion

Liberation

Seal

Second Birth

God’s Plan to Gather Humanity into His Family

By the Death and Resurrection of Christ

Through Water and the Spirit in Baptism

Through Faith

Adopt as Children of God

New Creation

Incorporate into the Body of Christ, the Church

Born of the Church as Mother

Fulfillment in Eternal Life

Sign of the Cross

Turning towards the East

Washing

Through the Saving Grace of Christ

Sins are Washed Away

Baptism as a Bath

Wedding Feast

White Garment / Wedding Garment

CONFIRMATION

Types

Symbols

Anointing

Anointing of Confirmation

Anointing with Chrism in General

Other Symbolisms of Anointing in General

Fire

Fire and Pentecost

Confirmation as Reception of the Fire of the Holy Spirit

Other Related Symbolisms of Fire

Laying On of Hands

Laying On of Hands in Confirmation

Other Symbolisms of Laying On of Hands

Seal

Seal in General

The Seal in the Trinity

Seal Gives the Holy Spirit

Configures to Christ

Configures to the Church

For Liturgy and for Witness

For Eternal Life

Sign of the Cross

In General

For Catechumens

In Confirmation

EUCHARIST

Types

Fruit of the Tree of Life

Gifts of Abel

Offering of Melchizedek

Sacrifice of Abraham

Passover / Passover Lamb

The Feast of the Jewish Passover...

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About Fulfilled in Christ: The Sacraments—A Guide to Symbols and Types in the Bible and Tradition

Fr. Devin Roza’s Fulfilled in Christ is an index to the tradition of typological interpretation of the Bible. It unveils the parallels between the signs and events of the Scriptures and the Sacraments of the Church, as represented in the New Testament as well as the liturgy and teachings of the Catholic Church.

The Early Church read the Scriptures with the conviction that (in the words of St. Augustine), “The New Testament lies hidden in the Old and the Old Testament is unveiled in the New.” Drawing inspiration from how both the Apostles and Christ himself read the Old Covenant as referring to the New (cf. Luke 24:27, 1 Peter 3:20–21, 1 Corinthians 10:1–5), the Church found the Old Testament to be rich with figures, or “types,” that foreshadowed both the mysteries of the life of Christ and the mysteries, or Sacraments, of the New Covenant. This tradition of interpretation was integral to the development Christian doctrine, and manifested itself in the life of the Church most fully in the Sacred Liturgy.

Fulfilled in Christ makes this tradition accessible, providing scriptural background for the primary types and symbols for each of the Sacraments, and a thorough index of references to the places these parallels and symbols are drawn or explained within the Scriptures, the liturgy (including the Patristic readings of the Liturgy of the Hours), and the Catechism of the Catholic Church.

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Table of Contents