Romans

Text, Readers, and the History of Interpretation

Stephen Westerholm

William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company

Grand Rapids, Michigan

Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.

4035 Park East Court SE, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49546

www.eerdmans.com

© 2022 Stephen Westerholm

All rights reserved

Published 2022

ISBN 978-0-8028-8221-9

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

Contents

Preface

1 TEXT

1 Text and Textual History

1. Papyrus 46

2. Other Early Greek Manuscripts

3. Manuscript Groupings

4. Supplementary Materials in Manuscripts

5. Conclusions

2 READERS

2 The First Readers of Romans and the “Paul within Judaism” School

1. Faith and Assemblies in Rome

2. Social and Economic Status

3. Ethnicity and the “Paul within Judaism” School

4. The Ethnicity of Paul’s First Readers and His Reasons for Writing Them

5. … and the “Paul within Judaism” School?

3 HISTORY OF INTERPRETATION

3 The Patristic Period

1. Origen (ca. 185–254)

2. “Antiochene” Interpreters

3. Early Latin Interpreters

4 The Medieval Period

1. Peter Abelard (ca. 1079–1142)

2. Thomas Aquinas (ca. 1225–1274)

5 The Sixteenth Century

1. John Colet (ca. 1467–1519) and Desiderius Erasmus (1466–1536)

2. Martin Luther (1483–1546)

3. Philip Melanchthon (1497–1560)

4. John Calvin (1509–1564)

5. Romans in English

6 The Modern Period

1. Philipp Jakob Spener (1635–1705)

2. Matthew Poole (1624–1679)

3. Richard Baxter (1615–1691)

4. John Locke (1632–1704)

5. Augustin Calmet (1672–1757)

6. Cotton Mather (1663–1728)

7. Robert Witham (1667–1738)

8. John Gill (1697–1771)

9. Arminian Interpreters

10. John Taylor (1694–1761)

11. Heinrich August Wilhelm Meyer (1800–1873)

12. Henry Alford (1810–1871)

13. Benjamin Jowett (1817–1893)

14. John William Colenso (1814–1883)

15. Karl Barth (1886–1968)

7 History of Interpretation: Conclusion

Appendix: The Apostle and the Doctor

Bibliography

Index of Authors

Index of Names and Subjects

Index of Scripture and Other Ancient Texts

Preface

Commentators on the Bible today are latecomers to a conversation that has been ongoing for centuries. We do well not to barge in at once with our own views. Common courtesy, a decent respect for the opinions of others, and the realization that wisdom was not born, and will not die, with us all demand that we inform ourselves of what others have been saying before we enter the conversation.

“Part of the aim of [the Illuminations series of commentaries] is to alert the reader to the history of conversation surrounding biblical texts and to invite the reader to join that conversation.”1 It was, indeed, this distinguishing feature of the series that tempted me to enter the crowded field of commentators on Romans. The studies that follow in this book represent my efforts to inform myself of the earlier conversation before embarking on the commentary itself.

A commentary requires a text to interpret; I begin with the text and textual history of Romans. But even this study overlaps ...

Content not shown in limited preview…
R:TRHI

About Romans: Text, Readers, and the History of Interpretation

A wide-ranging study of the interpretation of Paul’s letter to the Romans throughout history, from Origen to Karl Barth.

In anticipation of his Illuminations commentary on Paul’s letter to the Romans, Stephen Westerholm offers this extensive survey of the reception history of Romans. After two initial chapters discussing the letter’s textual history and its first readers in Rome (a discussion carried out in dialogue with the Paul-within-Judaism stream of scholarship), Westerholm provides a thorough overview of over thirty of the most influential, noteworthy, and representative interpretations of Romans from nearly two thousand years of history. Interpreters surveyed include Origen, John Chrysostom, Augustine, Peter Abelard, Thomas Aquinas, Martin Luther, John Calvin, John Locke, Cotton Mather, John Wesley, and Karl Barth.

Bearing in mind that Paul did not write for scholars, Westerholm includes in his study interpreters like Philipp Jakob Spener and Richard Baxter who addressed more popular audiences, as well as an appendix on a remarkable series of 372 sermons on Romans by beloved British preacher Martyn Lloyd-Jones. A further aim of the book is to illustrate the impact of this New Testament letter on Christian thought, supporting Westerholm’s claim that “the history of the interpretation of Romans is, in important areas and to a remarkable extent, the history of Christian theology.”

Support Info

romanswstrhlm

Table of Contents