The Origins of Feasts, Fasts and Seasons in Early Christianity

Paul F. Bradshaw and Maxwell E. Johnson

Alcuin Club Collections 86

A PUEBLO BOOK

Liturgical Press

Collegeville, Minnesota

www.litpress.org

Published in Great Britain in 2011 by

Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge

36 Causton Street

London SW1P 4ST

www.spckpublishing.co.uk

and in the United States of America and Canada in 2011 by

Liturgical Press

Collegeville, MN 56321

www.litpress.org

Copyright © Paul F. Bradshaw and Maxwell E. Johnson 2011

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

SPCK and Liturgical Press do not necessarily endorse the individual views contained in their publications.

The author and publishers have made every effort to ensure that the external website and email addresses included in this book are correct and up to date at the time of going to press. The author and publishers are not responsible for the content, quality or continuing accessibility of the sites.

Scripture quotations are taken from the Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyright © 1946, 1952 and 1971 by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the USA. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

SPCK ISBN 978-0-281-06054-2

United States Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is on file at the Library of Congress, Washington, DC

Liturgical Press ISBN 978-0-8146-6244-1

In memoriam

Thomas Julian Talley, 1924–2005

Contents

Acknowledgements

Abbreviations

Introduction

Sabbath and Sunday

1 The Lord’s day in the Apostolic age?

2 Continuing traces of the Sabbath in later Christian practice

3 Sunday in the fourth century

4 The Christian week: Wednesday and Friday

Easter and Pentecost

5 The Quartodeciman celebration

6 The date of the festival

7 The development of the triduum

8 Pentecost: the great fifty days

9 Initiation at Easter

Lent and Holy Week

10 The emergence of Lent and Holy Week

11 Three weeks and forty days

12 The development of Lent

13 Calculating the forty days

14 Holy Week in Jerusalem

Christmas and Epiphany

15 25 December: two competing theories

16 6 January in the East

17 6 January in the West

18 Advent

Martyrs and other saints

19 The first martyrs and saints

20 Mary: devotion and feasts

Index of modern authors

Index of ancient authors and subjects

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the permission granted by the following copyright holders to reproduce extracts from translations of ancient sources contained in the works listed. Where not otherwise attributed in the notes, translations of other primary sources are by the authors.

Every effort has been made to ...

Content not shown in limited preview…
OFFSEC

About The Origins of Feasts, Fasts and Seasons in Early Christianity

The liturgical year is a relatively modern invention. The term itself only came into use in the late sixteenth century. In antiquity, Christians did not view the various festivals and fasts that they experienced as a unified whole. Instead, the different seasons formed a number of completely unrelated cycles and tended to overlap and conflict with one another. In early Christianity, the fundamental cycle was that of the seven-day week. Taken over from Judaism by the first Christians, this was centered on Sunday rather than the sabbath. As the early Church established its identity, the days of the week set aside for fasting came to be different from those customary among the Jews. There also existed an annual cycle related to Easter.

Drawing upon the latest research, the authors track the development of the Church’s feasts, fasts, and seasons, including the sabbath and Sunday, Holy Week and Easter, Christmas and Epiphany, and the feasts of the Virgin Mary, the martyrs, and other saints.

Support Info

rgnsfstsfstssym

Table of Contents