READING THE BIBLE

WITH

MARTIN LUTHER

AN INTRODUCTORY GUIDE

TIMOTHY J. WENGERT

Baker Academic

a division of Baker Publishing Group

Grand Rapids, Michigan

© 2013 by Timothy J. Wengert

Published by Baker Academic

a division of Baker Publishing Group

P.O. Box 6287, Grand Rapids, MI 49516-6287

www.bakeracademic.com

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—for example, electronic, photocopy, recording—without the prior written permission of the publisher. The only exception is brief quotations in printed reviews.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Wengert, Timothy J.

Reading the Bible with Martin Luther: an introductory guide / Timothy J. Wengert.

pages cm

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-0-8010-4917-0 (pbk.)

1. Luther, Martin, 1483–1546. 2. Bible—Criticism, interpretation, etc. I. Title.

BR333.5.B5W46 2013

220.6092—dc23

2013016563

Unless indicated otherwise, Scripture translations are those of the author.

Scripture quotations labeled KJV are from the King James Version of the Bible.

Scripture quotations labeled NRSV are from the New Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyright © 1989, by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

Translations of Luther’s 1535 Galatians commentary are from Luther’s Works Vol. 26 © 1963, 1991 Concordia Publishing House. Used with permission. www.cph.org

Contents

Abbreviations

Preface

1. Authority: Putting James in Its Place

James and Straw

The Self-Authenticating Scripture

Sola Scriptura?

2. Method: Dying and Rising

A Cautionary Tale about Throwing Stones

Distinguishing Law and Gospel

The Law’s First Use: The Pastor as Vo-Tech Teacher

A Third Use for the Law: The First and the Second Uses Apply to Believers

Exegesis Is for Proclamation: Finding the Law and the Gospel in the Text

3. Interpretation: Strength Perfected in Weakness

The Weakness of Scripture

Finding the Central Weakness of Scripture: Romans

Finding the Center of the Gospels

4. Practice: Luther’s Biblical Ethics

Gleichmut: The Christian’s Balancing Act

Das Gewissen: The Conscience

Glaube: Faith

Gemeinschaft: Community

5. Example: Luther Interpreting Galatians 3:6–14

The Argumentum

Galatians 3:6–14 in 1519

Galatians 3:6–14 in 1535

An Afterword: Looking Forward to Reading the Bible with Luther

Subject Index

Scripture Index

Abbreviations

Ap Apology of the Augsburg Confession

BC The Book of Concord. Edited by Robert Kolb and Timothy J. Wengert. Minneapolis: Fortress, 2000.

CA Augsburg Confession

CR Corpus Reformatorum: Philippi Melanthonis opera quae supersunt omnia. Edited by Karl Bretschneider and Heinrich Bindseil. 28 vols. Halle: A. Schwetschke & Sons, 1834–60.

LC Large Catechism

LW Luther’s Works [American edition]. Edited by Jaroslav Pelikan and Helmut T. Lehmann. 55 vols. Philadelphia: Fortress; St. ...

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RBML:IG

About Reading the Bible with Martin Luther: An Introductory Guide

Prominent Reformation historian Timothy Wengert introduces the basic components of Martin Luther’s theology of the Bible and examines Luther’s contributions to present-day biblical interpretation. Wengert addresses key points of debate regarding Luther’s approach to the Bible that have often been misunderstood, including biblical authority, the distinction between law and Gospel, the theology of the cross, and biblical ethics. He argues that Luther, when rightly understood, offers much wisdom to Christians searching for fresh approaches to the interpretation of Scripture.

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