CHRIST, THE WAY

Augustine’s Theology of Wisdom

BENJAMIN T. QUINN

STUDIES IN HISTORICAL AND SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY

Christ, the Way: Augustine’s Theology of Wisdom

Studies in Historical and Systematic Theology

Copyright 2022 Benjamin T. Quinn

Lexham Academic, an imprint of Lexham Press

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Unless otherwise noted, Scripture quotations are from the Augustine translation being cited.

Scripture quotations marked (NRSV) are from the New Revised Standard Version Bible, copyright © 1989, National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

Print ISBN 9781683595793

Digital ISBN 9781683595809

Library of Congress Control Number 2021947075

Lexham Editorial: Todd Hains, Caleb Kormann, John Barach, Mandi Newell

Cover Design: Peter Park, Brittany Schrock

To Craig Bartholomew for your

friendship and mentorship.

To Lewis Ayres for your wisdom and insight into

the rich thought of St. Augustine.

To both Craig and Lewis for your patience

with my many, many questions.

CONTENTS

Table of Augustine’s Works

Abbreviations

Foreword

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Nature and Purpose of Research

A Hopeful Return to Augustine

A Survey of Wisdom Before Augustine

Secondary Work and the Shape of this Study

1. The Development of Sapientia in Augustine, Part I: Birth to Bishop

Wisdom from Birth to Conversion

Wisdom in Cassiciacum

Wisdom from 387 to 395

2. The Development of Sapientia in Augustine, Part II: 396–430

The Complete Sapiential Cluster: 1 Corinthians 12:8 and Job 28:28

Wisdom from 396 to 430: Augustine’s Letters, Sermons, and Mature Works

3. Sapientia in De Trinitate

Neoplatonism

F. Cayré’s “Le Notion de Sagesse Chez Saint Augustin”

Evaluation of Cayré

Three Sapiential Categories: A Bird’s Eye View of Sapientia in de Trinitate

Sapientia in Books 6–7, 12–14, and 15: A Detailed Examination

Ontology, Structure, and Direction

Conclusion: Definition of Sapientia

4. An Assessment of Sapientia and the Way Forward

Components of the Creation and Wisdom Intersection in Augustine

Creation and Wisdom in Contemporary Wisdom Scholarship

Assessment and Synthesis

Summary of Findings and Conclusion

Conclusion

Bibliography

General Index

Scripture Index

TABLE OF AUGUSTINE’S WORKS1

Latin Titles

English Titles

Abbreviations

Acta contra Fortanatum Manicheum

A Debate with Fortunatus, a Manichean

c. Fort.

Ad Simplicianum

To Simplicianus

Simpl.

Confessiones

Confessions

Conf.

Contra Academicos

Against the Academics

Acad.

De quantitate animae

The Magnitude of the Soul

Quant. an.

De beata vita

On the Happy Life

De civitate Dei

The City of God

Civ.

De diversis quaestionibus octoginta tribus

On Eighty-Three Varied Questions

div. qu.

De doctrina Christiana

Christian Instruction

Doctr. chr.

De fide et ...

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About Christ, the Way: Augustine’s Theology of Wisdom

Augustine’s love of wisdom drove him to Christ—and wisdom remained central to his thought. Modern biblical scholars and theologians have much to learn from one of Christianity’s most prominent and prolific theologians. Retrieval of Augustine can revive and renew thinking on wisdom.

In Christ, the Way, Benjamin T. Quinn recovers and evaluates Augustine’s rich writing on wisdom. While many have acknowledged sapientia (wisdom) as central in Augustine, few have offered a full treatment of his definition of wisdom and how it ordered his thought. Quinn remedies this need, tracing the development of Augustine’s thought from his earliest reflections to De Trinitate, his most systematic treatment of wisdom. For Augustine, sapientia is the incarnate Christ, who by the Spirit enlightens all God’s people to see clearly, live virtuously, and participate in God—thereby restoring his people to his image. Quinn then brings Augustine into dialogue with contemporary wisdom scholarship, displaying where his biblically rooted, Christocentric, faith-first approach holds rich insights for scholars and Christians today.

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Table of Contents