40 QUESTIONS ABOUT

The Text and Canon of the New Testament

Charles L. Quarles

L. Scott Kellum

Benjamin L. Merkle, Series Editor

40 Questions About the Text and Canon of the New Testament

© 2023 Charles L. Quarles and L. Scott Kellum

Published by Kregel Academic, an imprint of Kregel Publications, 2450 Oak Industrial Dr. NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49505-6020.

This book is a title in the 40 Questions Series edited by Benjamin L. Merkle.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or otherwise—without written permission of the publisher, except for brief quotations in printed reviews.

All Scripture quotations, unless otherwise indicated, are from the Holy Bible, New International Version®, NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc.™ Used by permission of Zondervan. All rights reserved worldwide. www.zondervan.com

Scripture quotations marked CSB are from the Christian Standard Bible®, Copyright © 2017 by Holman Bible Publishers. Used by permission. Christian Standard Bible® and CSB® are federally registered trademarks of Holman Bible Publishers.

Scripture quotations marked ESV are from The Holy Bible, English Standard Version® (ESV®), copyright © 2001 by Crossway, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

ISBN 978-0-8254-4275-9

40 QUESTIONS SERIES

To Julie and Cathy,

our precious wives—two ladies who deserve the

highest praise for their support and sacrifice

for the sake of our ministries.

Contents

Acknowledgments

Abbreviations

Introduction

Part 1: The Text of the New Testament

Section A. The Transmission of the New Testament Text

1. Has the Text of the New Testament Been Preserved?

2. What Happened to the Original Manuscripts of the New Testament?

3. How Did Errors Enter into the Manuscripts?

4. How Reliable Are the Manuscripts We Possess?

5. Did Scribes Attempt to Change the Theology of the Text?

Section B. The New Testament Manuscripts

6. How Many Variants Are in the Ancient Manuscripts?

7. Do the Differences Between the Manuscripts Really Matter?

8. With All the Variants, Can We Still Speak of Inspiration and Inerrancy?

9. What Are Some Important New Testament Manuscripts?

Section C. Textual Criticism

10. What Is New Testament Textual Criticism?

11. What Is the History of Modern New Testament Textual Criticism?

12. What Are the Major Groups of Manuscripts?

13. Why Not Just Follow the Greek Text Behind the King James Version?

14. Why Not Just Follow the Reading Preserved in the Majority of Manuscripts?

15. How Do Most Scholars Decide Between Readings of Different Manuscripts?

Section D. The Practice of Textual Criticism

16. What Are the Differences Between the Major Editions of the Greek New Testament Today?

17. What Are the Most Helpful Tools for Studying Textual Differences?

18. Should the Ending of Mark (16:9–20) Be Included in Our Bibles?...

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40QTCNT

About 40 Questions about the Text and Canon of the New Testament

How did the New Testament come to be?

The writings that comprise the New Testament are critical for understanding the life, teachings, and impact of Jesus of Nazareth, all of which are central to Christianity. But how were these texts circulated, collected, and given their canonical status? Is the New Testament a trustworthy source for learning about Jesus and the early church?

New Testament scholars L. Scott Kellum and Charles L. Quarles address the most pressing questions regarding the study of New Testament texts, their transmission, and their collection into the canon, such as:

• What happened to the original manuscripts of the New Testament?

• With all the variants, can we still speak of inspiration and inerrancy?

• What are the competing views on canon?

• Did the apostles recognize contemporaneous books as Scripture?

• Did the early councils decide the canon?

40 Questions about the Text and Canon of the New Testament uses a question-and-answer format so readers can pursue the issues that interest them most.

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