The

PURIFICATION OFFERING

in the

PRIESTLY LITERATURE

Its Meaning and Function

N. Kiuchi

Journal for the Study of the Old Testament

Supplement Series 56

Copyright © 1987 Sheffield Academic Press

Published by JSOT Press

JSOT Press is an imprint of

Sheffield Academic Press Ltd

The University of Sheffield

343 Fulwood Road

Sheffield S10 3BP

England

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

Kiuchi, N

The purification offering in the priestly literature: its meaning and function.—(Journal for the study of the Old Testament supplement series, ISSN 0309-0787; 56). 1. Bible. O.T. Leviticus—Criticism, interpretation, etc.

I. Title II. Series

222′.1306 BS1255.2

ISBN 1-85075-103-X

ISBN 1-85075-102-1 Pbk

CONTENTS

Preface

Abbreviations

Introduction

Chapter 1

THE HATTAT OFFERING IN LEV 4:1–5:13

A. Overall Structure of the Protases

B. שגג (שגה)

C. ’āšēm

D. Consequence of Sin?

Summary

Chapter 2

THE HATTAT OFFERING IN OTHER SOURCES

A. The hattat in Lev 8–9

B. Lev 10:17

C. Other Purificatory Occasions

D. Sancta Pollution

E. hattat (sin) and Uncleanness

Tentative Conclusions on the Function of the hattat

Chapter 3

LEVITICUS 10 AND LEVITICUS 16

A. The Nadab and Abihu Incident: An Exegesis of Lev 10:1–7

B. Lev 10:16–20 and its Relationship with 10:1–7

C. Lev 16 and its Relationship to Lev 10

Conclusions

Chapter 4

THE KIPPER PROBLEM

A. kipper Constructions

B. The Concept of kipper

C. Lev 17:11

Conclusions

Chapter 5

SOME COMPONENTS OF THE HATTAT RITUAL

A. The Imposition of Hand(s)

B. Blood Manipulation in the hattat Ritual

C. Disposal of the hattat Flesh

Conclusions

Chapter 6

THE HATTAT OFFERING IN LEV 16

A. The Relationship of the Rites of Blood Sprinkling and the Azazel Goat

B. Relationship with Other Atonement Ceremonies

Conclusions

Bibliography

Index of Biblical References

Index of Authors

PREFACE

This work is based on my thesis entitled ‘The Meaning and Function of the Ḥaṭṭā’t Offering’, which was accepted in 1986 for the Ph.D. degree of the British Council for National Academic Awards.

In producing the work I enjoyed supervision by Dr G.J. Wenham for four years in Cheltenham, and I should especially like to record here my sincere gratitude to him for having guided me with great insight, academic candour and patience. I also wish to express my indebtedness to Prof. J.R. Porter, Rev. J.A. Motyer and Dr R.P. Gordon, without whose assistance the thesis would not have been brought to completion. My special thanks also go to the editors of the Journal for the Study of the Old Testament for accepting the work into their Supplement Series and for their helpful suggestions.

Needless to say, I alone bear responsibility for the views expressed in the book.

ABBREVIATIONS

AB Anchor Bible

AV Authorized Version

BDB F. Brown, S.R. Driver, C.A. Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the OT, Oxford, 1929

BM Beth Miqra

BS Bibliotheca Sacra

CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly

DB Dictionary of the Bible, edited by F.C. Grant and H. Rowley, 2nd edn; Edinburgh, 1963.

DBS Supplément ...