The Political Paul

Justice, Democracy and Kingship in a Hellenistic Framework

Bruno Blumenfeld

Journal for the Study of the New Testament

Supplement Series 210

For my father
Broida (Boni) Blumenfeld,
1910, Botosani (Romania)—2000, Beersheva (Israel)

Copyright © 2001 Sheffield Academic Press

First published in 2001 by Sheffield Academic Press Ltd, an imprint of Continuum

This edition published in 2003 by T&T Clark International, an imprint of Continuum

The Tower Building, 11 York Road, London SE1 7NX

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www.continuumbooks.com

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN 0567-08081-1

Contents

Acknowledgments

Abbreviations

Introduction

Hellenistic Popular Philosophy: The Context for Paul’s Thought

The Polis versus the Ideal State

Remarks on Method

Part I

Classical and Hellenistic Sources

Chapter 1

Classical Sources: Plato

Chapter 2

Classical Sources: Aristotle

Aristotle’s Ethics

Aristotle’s Politics

Aristotle and Paul: Ekklēsia as Polis

Chapter 3

Ekklesia, Oikos and Polis in Paul

The Polis at Paul’s Time

Paul the Architect

Political Fellowship

Ekklēsia, Oikos and Polis

Chapter 4

Hellenistic Pythagoreans: The Polis Group

Hellenistic Pythagorean Corpus

Ps.-Archytas: On Law and Justice

Hippodamos: On the Republic

Hippodamos: On Happiness

Callicratidas: On the Happiness of the Household

Ocellus: On Law

Damippos: On Prudence and Fortune

Ps.-Zaleucus: Preambles to the Laws

Ps.-Charondas: Preambles to the Laws

Review of Main Themes

Chapter 5:

Hellenistic Pythagoreans: The Basileia Group

Writings for Kings

Ps.-Ecphantus: On Kingship

Diotogenes: On Kingship

Sthenidas: On Kingship

Hellenistic Kingship and Paul

Part II

The Political Paul

Chapter 6

Rome and Paul

Chapter 7

Paul’s Politics

The ‘Revolutionary Reactionary’

Clues from Philippians

Chapter 8

Romans: A Political Reading

Romans 1.1–3.20: Hamartia, or the World As It Is

Romans 3.21–8.39: The World Set Straight

Romans 9.1–11.36: The World at Large and the Reign of God

Romans 12.1–16.23: Upholding the Roman Empire and Making It Last

Excursus: A Note on Moxnes, Winter and Elliott

Summation

Chapter 9

Conclusion: A Colloquy on Dikaiosune

Käsemann

Dunn

Stowers

Sampley

Summary

Bibliography

Index of References

Index of Authors

Acknowledgments

This book owes much to few. Three friends became so involved in this work that they could justifiably be thought of as its co-authors: philosopher Lucia Lermond, who watched over the argumentation (I only wish I’d known how to answer most of her queries); writer James Waller, who questioned every word (I only wish I’d followed all his advice); and film scholar Gutsie Blumenfeld, who wondered ...

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About The Political Paul: Justice, Democracy and Kingship in a Hellenistic Framework

Political Paul presents Paul as a political thinker. Many studies claiming Paul for Greek Hellenism discuss the influence upon him of various aspects of Hellenistic culture, but strangely neglect Hellenistic political philosophy with its roots in Classical antiquity. Political Paul explores this dimension of Paul’s thought within the general context of Hellenistic political reflection to focus on the intriguing body of literature known as the Pythagorean pseudepigrapha.

These researches support the highly original argument that Christianity has foundations in Hellenistic kingship theories. Paul constructs a political theory for Christianity. He conceives it as a polis-basileia system, politics proper and divine rule, each with its own dikaiosyne; this the study re-evaluates as a political concept.

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