THE OXFORD

DICTIONARY OF THE

CHRISTIAN

CHURCH

Edited by F. L. CROSS

Third Edition Revised

Edited by E. A. LIVINGSTONE

OXFORD

UNIVERSITY PRESS

Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6dp

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© Oxford University Press 2005

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First published 1957

Second Edition 1974. Reprinted (with revisions) 1983

Third Edition 1997. Revised 2005

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ISBN 0-19-280290-9

ISBN 978-0-19-280290-3

I

PREFACE

The first edition of the Dictionary was an immediate success, unforeseen by anyone except perhaps the Editor, who had visions of a copy in every parsonage house in the country. In the decade that followed its publication in 1957, the outward practices of the Church underwent changes unparalleled in any similar time-span in modern history, many of them popularly associated with Second Vatican Council (1962–5), though their origins can often be traced earlier. The liturgical changes in the RC Church and its more liberal attitude both to Biblical scholarship and towards other communions were reflected in the second edition, published in 1974. In the last twenty years or so the shifts in attitude that marked the earlier period have increased in strength; changes in practice may have been less dramatic but perhaps more fundamental. The challenges to accepted orthodoxy encapsulated in Feminist Theology, Liberation Theology, and a more positive evaluation of other religions have made significant changes in the life and thought of the Church. Feminist Theology, for instance, has promoted a new perspective on the position of women in the Church and ...