New International

encyclopedia

of bible

difficulties

Based on the NIV and the NASB

Gleason L. Archer

New Internationl Encyclopedia of Bible Difficulties

Copyright © 1982 by Zondervan

Requests for Information should be addressed to:

Zondervan, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49530

ISBN 978-0-310-24146-1

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form of by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or any other—except for brief quotations in printed reviews, without the prior permission of the publisher.

Contents

Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgements

How to Use This Encyclopedia

Recommended Procedures in Dealing With Bible Difficulties

Introduction: The Importance of Biblical Inerrancy

The Pentateuch

Genesis

Exodus

Leviticus

Numbers

Deuteronomy

Joshua

Judges

Ruth

1 Samuel

2 Samuel

1 Kings

2 Kings

1 Chronicles

2 Chronicles

Ezra

Nehemiah

Esther

Job

Psalms

Proverbs

Ecclesiastes

Song of Solomon

Isaiah

Jeremiah

Ezekiel

Daniel

Hosea

Joel

Amos

Obadiah

Jonah

Zechariah

Malachi

The New Testament and the Old Testament

The Synoptic Gospels

Matthew

Mark

Luke

John

Acts

Romans

1 Corinthians

Galatians

Ephesians

Colossians

2 Thessalonians

1 Timothy

2 Timothy

Hebrews

1 Peter

2 Peter

1 John

Jude

Revelation

Bibliography

Index of Persons

Index of Subjects

Index of Scripture References

Foreword

Dr. Gleason Archer has written this encyclopedia to show that there is nothing in the Bible inconsistent with the claim that it is the inerrant Word of God. In the last century this doctrine has increasingly come under sharp criticism. Unfortunately Christians who oppose the doctrine of biblical inerrancy usually misunderstand it. In most cases they gleaned their view of what it means from an uninstructed Sunday school teacher or an overenthusiastic radio preacher. Perhaps they have never had the occasion to consult the work of a serious-minded scholar. Readers will soon discover that the view of inerrancy set forth by Dr. Archer is the historical position of the church in all of its major branches. Behind it stand the illustrious names of Augustine, Aquinas, John of Damascus, Luther, Calvin, Wesley, and a host of others. Put quite simply, this view of inerrancy holds that the Bible tells us truth and never says what is not so.

It might be helpful to begin by dispelling some of the most common misunderstanding of biblical inerrancy. Evangelicals do not try to prove that the Bible has no mistakes so that they can be sure that Bible is the Word of God. One might prove that newspaper article is free from all mistakes, but that would not prove that the newspapers article is the Word of God. Christians hold the Bible to be the Word of God (and inerrant) because they are convinced that Jesus, the Lord of the church, believed it and taught His disciples to believe it. And ultimately their conviction of its truth rests on the witness of the Holy Spirit.

Likewise evangelicals do not hold that inerrant inspiration ...

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About New International Encyclopedia of Bible Difficulties

Did God approve of Rahab’s lie? Why are many of the Old Testament quotes in the New Testament not literal? Does the Bible class abortion with murder? Where did Adam and Eve’s sons get their wives? Does 1 Corinthians 7:10–16 authorize divorce for desertion?

What do you make of the difficult areas in the Bible—those puzzling passages that make you stop and scratch your head? The seeming contradictions and inconsistencies of Scripture actually have sound explanations. But unless you’re a Bible scholar, you probably don’t know about them.

That’s why you need the New International Encyclopedia of Bible Difficulties. It gives you informed answers to your most troublesome questions. Some of the solutions seem obvious—after you’ve read them. But most include an eye-opening look at linguistic, cultural, numerical, relational, and other considerations of which most Bible readers are unaware.

Referencing both the New International Version and the New American Standard Bible, this helpful resource makes scholarly insights accessible to everyone. Whether you’re a student, pastor, everyday Bible-lover, or even a skeptic, the New International Encyclopedia of Bible Difficulties will show you why the Bible is believable and dependable, with a message you can live by.

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