NIB®

The New Interpreter’s® Dictionary of the Bible

A–Z

VOLUME 1–5

ABIGDON PRESS

Nashville

THE NEW INTERPRETER’S® DICTIONARY OF THE BIBLE

A–Z

VOLUME 1–5

Volume 1: Copyright © 2006 by Abingdon Press

Volume 2: Copyright © 2007 by Abingdon Press

Volume 3: Copyright © 2008 by Abingdon Press

Volume 4 and 5: Copyright © 2009 by Abingdon Press

All rights reserved.

No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, except as may be expressly permitted by the 1976 Copyright Act or in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission should be addressed in writing to Abingdon Press, 201 Eighth Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37203.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

The New Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN 0-687-05427-3 (alk. paper)

1. Bible—Dictionaries. I. Abingdon Press.

BS440.N445 2006

220.3—dc22

2006025839

Volume 1: ISBN-10: 0-687-05427-3 ISBN-13: 978-0-687-05427-5

Volume 2: ISBN-13: 978-0-687-33355-4

Volume 3: ISBN-13: 978-0-687-33365-3

Volume 4: ISBN-13: 978-0-687-33375-2

Volume 5: ISBN-13: 978-0-687-33395-0

Unless directly translated by a contributor, biblical quotations are from the NEW REVISED STANDARD VERSION OF THE BIBLE. Copyright © 1989 by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of Churches of Christ in the USA. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

Pronunciations are from THE HARPERCOLLINS BIBLE PRONUNCIATION GUIDE. William O. Walker, Jr., General editor. Copyright © 1989, 1994 by the Society of Biblical Literature. Published by HarperCollins Publishers. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

English language fonts are from the Weidemann family. Ancient language fonts were developed in the public domain for scholars who comprise the Society of Biblical Literature, including SPTiberius for Hebrew, SPIonic for Greek, and SPAtlantis for transliteration.

Editorial Board

Katharine Doob Sakenfeld

General Editor

Professor of Old Testament Literature and Exegesis

Princeton Theological Seminary

Princeton, NJ

Samuel E. Balentine

Old Testament Editor

Professor of Old Testament

Union Theological Seminary in Virginia and Presbyterian School of Christian Education

Richmond, VA

Brian K. Blount

New Testament Editor

President, Union Theological Seminary in Virginia and

Presbyterian School of Christian Education

Richmond, VA

Kah-Jin Jeffrey Kuan

Old Testament Editor

Associate Professor of Old Testament

Pacific School of Religion

Berkeley, CA

Joel B. Green

New Testament Editor

Professor of New Testament Interpretation

Fuller Theological Seminary

Pasadena, CA

Eileen Schuller

Old Testament and Judaica Editor

Professor, Department of Religious Studies

McMaster University

Hamilton, Ontario

Pheme Perkins

New Testament Editor

Professor of New Testament

Boston College

Chestnut Hill, MA

Marianne Blickenstaff

Project Manager

Lead Reference ...

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About The New Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible, Volumes 1–5

The New Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible in five volumes provides the best quality in contemporary biblical scholarship on a comprehensive range of topics, including the Old and New Testaments, the Deuterocanonical books, and contextual studies of the ancient Near East, the Greco-Roman worlds, and their literatures. The dictionary contains maps, charts, and illustrations to further clarify the written material. The biblical text used is the NRSV translation.

A diverse group of 900 scholars from 40 countries have contributed 7,100 fresh new articles with 8,400 entries including persons, places, things, theological concepts, and much more. These contributors were selected by the editorial board for their expertise in their field and for the quality of their scholarship in publication. Special care was taken to select authors who could provide a variety of perspectives from different theological traditions (Protestant, Catholic, Jewish), diverse theological trajectory (conservative and liberal), and from the social locations of gender, ethnicity, and race.

Topics are listed in alphabetical order from A-Z and evenly divided among the five volumes. The main entry includes a pronunciation guide. Hebrew and Greek origins of the entry follow, with transliteration. Longer articles contain an introduction that summarizes the topic and include a helpful outline to guide the reader. Articles conclude with a short bibliography and cross references to related articles. In each definition, authors strive to incorporate as many biblical instances of the term as possible in the given amount of space, and to discuss the theological, social, or ecclesial implications of the topic, so that the definitions are practical aids to the tasks of preaching, teaching, and study of the Bible.

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