The Book of

ZECHARIAH

MARK J. BODA

William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company

Grand Rapids, Michigan / Cambridge, U.K.

© 2016 Mark J. Boda

All rights reserved

Published 2016 by

Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.

2140 Oak Industrial Drive N.E., Grand Rapids, Michigan 49505 /

P.O. Box 163, Cambridge CB3 9PU U.K.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Boda, Mark J.

Title: The Book of Zechariah / Mark J. Boda.

Description: Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2016. |

Series: The new international commentary on the Old Testament |

Includes bibliographical references and indexes.

Identifiers: LCCN 2015038499 | ISBN 9780802823755 (cloth: alk. paper)

Subjects: LCSH: Bible. Zechariah—Commentaries.

Classification: LCC BS1665.53.B63 2016 | DDC 224/.9807—dc23

LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015038499

www.eerdmans.com

The New International Commentary on the Old Testament

General Editors

R. K. HARRISON

(1968–1993)

ROBERT L. HUBBARD, JR.

(1994– )

Ad majoren Dei gloriam

For Bruce K. Waltke

Contents

GENERAL EDITOR’S PREFACE

AUTHOR’S PREFACE

ABBREVIATIONS

INTRODUCTION

I. TEXT

II. REFERENTIAL HISTORY

A. The Babylonian Period

B. Cyrus (539–530 b.c.)

C. Cambyses (530–522 b.c.) and Darius (522–486 b.c.)

D. Xerxes (486–465 b.c.)

E. Artaxerxes (465–424 b.c.)

III. COMPOSITIONAL HISTORY

A. The Prophet Zechariah

B. Zechariah 1–8

C. Zechariah 9–14

D. Zechariah 1–8 and 9–14

E. Zechariah and the Book of the Twelve

F. Composition and History

IV. LITERARY FORM AND STRUCTURE

V. INNER-BIBLICAL ALLUSION

VI. MESSAGE

A. God

B. Leadership

C. Sin

D. Restoration

E. Zechariah for Today

VII. BIBLIOGRAPHY

TEXT AND COMMENTARY

I. SERMON AND NARRATIVE: YAHWEH’S CALL AND PROMISE TO RETURN (1:1–6)

A. Narrative Introduction (1:1)

B. Sermon: Return to Me and I Will Return to You (1:2–6a)

C. Narrative Conclusion: The People Return (1:6b)

II. VISION REPORTS, ORACLES, SIGN-ACTS: YAHWEH’S RETURN AND PROMISE OF RENEWAL (1:7–6:15)

Orientation to Zechariah 1:7–6:15

A. Narrative Introduction (1:7)

B. Vision Report 1: Vision and Oracle—Horses and Comfort (1:8–17)

1. Vision: Horses, Spies, and Cries (1:8–13)

2. Oracles: Vengeance and Restoration (1:14–17)

C. Vision Report 2: Vision of the Horns and Farmers (2:1–4[1:18–21])

1. Vision: Horns (2:1–2[1:18–19])

2. Vision: Farmers (2:3–4[1:20–21])

D. Vision Report 3: Vision and Oracle—Jerusalem’s Walls and Yahweh’s Presence (2:5–9[1–5])

1. Vision: Stopping the Measurement (2:5–8[1–4])

2. Oracle: Yahweh as Wall and Glory (2:9[5])

E. Oracle: Return of People and Yahweh (2:10–17[6–13])

1. Call to Escape: Exiles (2:10–13[6–9])

2. Call to Joy: Daughter Zion (2:14–17[10–13])

F. Vision Report 4: Vision of Joshua, Sign-act for Sprout (3:1–10)

1. Vision: Court and Investiture Scene (3:1–5)

2. Vision: Charge to Joshua (3:6–7)

3. Oracle about Sprout (3:8–10)

G. Vision Report 5: Vision and Oracle—the Lampstand, the Olive Trees, and Zerubbabel (4:1–14)

1. Vision: The Lampstand and Olive Trees—Observation (4:1–6a)

2. Oracles of ...