MARTIN

LUTHER

THE PRESERVATION OF THE CHURCH

1532–1546

Martin Brecht

Translated by

JAMES L. SCHAAF

FORTRESS PRESS

MINNEAPOLIS

MARTIN LUTHER: THE PRESERVATION OF THE CHURCH, 1532–1546

First paperback edition 1999

First English-language edition published 1993 by Fortress Press.

This book is a translation of Martin Luther: Dritter Band: Die Erhaltung der Kirche, 1532–1546 by Martin Brecht. Copyright © 1987 Calwer Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany.

English translation copyright © 1993 Augsburg Fortress. All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in critical articles or reviews, no part of this book may be reproduced in any manner without prior written permission from the publisher. Write to: Permissions, Augsburg Fortress, Box 1209, Minneapolis, MN 55440.

Scripture quotations, unless otherwise indicated, are from the Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyright © 1946, 1952, and 1971 by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of Churches.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

(Revised for vol. 3)

Brecht, Martin.

Martin Luther.

Translation of: Martin Luther.

Included bibliographies and indexes.

Contents: [1]. His road to Reformation, 1483–1521—[2]. Shaping and defining the Reformation, 1521–1532—[3]. The preservation of the church, 1532–1546.

1. Luther, Martin, 1483–1546. 2. Reformers—Germany—Biography. I. Title.

BR325.B69313 1985 284.1’092 84-47911

ISBN 0-8006-0738-4 (v. 1)

ISBN 0-8006-2463-7 (v. 2)

ISBN 0-8006-2704-0 (v. 3 cloth)

ISBN 0-8006-2815-2 (v. 3 paper)

Contents

Translator’s Preface

Foreword

Sources of Illustrations

I. Peaceful Beginnings under Elector John Frederick—But with Most of the Old Problems (1532–36)

1. Elector John Frederick

2. Electoral Saxony and Its Church

3. Wittenberg

4. Home, Family, and Personal Health

II. Luther’s Role in the Reformation’s Progress in Other German Territories, the Agreement on the Lord’s Supper, and the Relationships with France and England (1532–36)

1. The Reformation in the Principality of Anhalt

2. Relationships with Other Territories and Their Reformation

3. Defense against the Münster Anabaptists

4. The Agreement between the Southern Germans and Luther on the Lord’s Supper in the Wittenberg Concord

Irritations and Perspectives

New Impulses for a Concord

The Negotiations in Wittenberg and the Establishment of the Concord

Efforts at Getting the Concord Accepted

5. France and England

III. Renewed Strife with Old Opponents

1. Duke George and the Repression of the Reformation in Ducal Saxony (1532–39)

Comfort and Protest in the Face of Persecution

Duke George’s Defeat in the Fight against the Reformation

2. The Private Mass and the Consecration of Priests

3. Erasmus and Witzel

4. The Injustice of Archbishop Albrecht of Mainz

The Schönitz Affair

The Scandal over Simon Lemnius’s Epigrams

A Letter Carrier for the High Judge

IV. Completing the Translation of the Bible

1. Translating the Prophets and the Apocrypha

2. Revisions

3. Arguing with the Critics

4. Praising and ...

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About Martin Luther: The Preservation of the Church, 1532–1546

The third volume of Brecht’s magnificent biography describes the final fourteen years of Luther’s life, beginning with the accession of Elector John Frederick in 1532. The period is often treated briefly because some Reformation developments continued without him, his Catholic opponents paid only partial attention to him, his personality displayed great tensions, and his judgment, errors. Yet the preservation of the church—those confessing the Reformation gospel being identical, according to Luther, with the true church—dominated Luther’s concerns.

A work of immense and engaging scholarship, gracefully translated by James Schaaf, this volume offers comprehensive and original interpretations of Luther’s private life, his congregation and the church in Saxony, his professorial lectures and theological controversies, Bible translation, Luther and the council of Trent, and his later writings about the Jews and Turks. With 34 illustrations.

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