MARK AS STORY

An Introduction to the Narrative of a Gospel

Third Edition

David Rhoads

Joanna Dewey

Donald Michie

Fortress Press

Minneapolis

MARK AS STORY

An Introduction to the Narrative of a Gospel

Third Edition

Copyright © 2012 Fortress Press. All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in critical articles or reviews, no part of this book may be reproduced in any manner without prior written permission from the publisher. Write: Permissions, Augsburg Fortress, Box 1209, Minneapolis, MN 55440.

Cover design: Joe Vaughan

Interior design: PerfecType, Nashville, TN

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Rhoads, David M.

Mark as story: an introduction to the narrative of a gospel/David Rhoads, Joanna Dewey, Donald Michie.—Third ed.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN 0-8006-3160-9 (alk. paper)

1. Bible. N.T. Mark—Criticism, Narrative. I. Dewey, Joanna, date–.

II. Michie, Donald, date–. III. Title.

BS2585.2.R46 2012

226.3’066—dc21 99-12061

CIP

Dedicated to the community of biblical scholars who have so enriched our lives and our work.

Contents

Preface to the Third Edition

Mark as an Oral/Aural Composition

The Importance of the Cosmic Dimensions of Mark’s Story

The Roman Imperial Context

Introduction: The Gospel of Mark as Story

The Historical Context of the Gospel of Mark

What Type of Story Did Mark Compose?

The Coherence of Mark’s Narrative

The Story World

Guidelines for Reading Mark as a Story

A Narrative Method for Interpreting Mark

Chapter 1. The Gospel of Mark

Introduction to the Translation

The Gospel of Mark

Chapter 2. The Narrator

The Role of the Narrator

The narrator speaks from outside the story world

The narrator is not bound by time or space

Mark’s narrator is omniscient

The narrator guides by means of “asides”

The narrator gives the audience privileged knowledge

The Narrator’s Point of View

The narrator is not neutral

The narrator’s standards of judgment

The Narrator’s Style and Tempo

The Narrator’s Patterns of Repetition in Storytelling

Verbal threads

Foreshadowing and retrospection

Two-step progressions

Type-scenes

Sandwich episodes

Framing episodes

Episodes in a concentric pattern

Progressive episodes in series of three

Other Literary Features

Questions

Riddles

Quotations from the writings

Prophecies

Irony

Conclusion

Chapter 3. The Settings

The Cosmic Setting

The Political-Cultural Setting

The Journey

Patterns of movement on the journey

Settings recalling Israel’s past

Public and private settings

The journey as the way of God

Conclusion

Chapter 4. The Plot

Approaches to the Plot

The unity of Mark’s plot

Beginning, middle, and end

Connections in Mark’s plot

The fulfillment or nonfulfillment of expectations

The outcome of Mark’s plot

The plot involves conflict

The Rule of God Initiates the Conflicts

Stage 1: The inauguration of the rule of God

Stage 2: The culmination of the rule of God

Jesus in Conflict with Cosmic Forces

Jesus in Conflict with the Authorities

The development of the conflict in the plot

The ...

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About Mark as Story: An Introduction to the Narrative of a Gospel

In this third edition of Mark as Story, Rhoads, Dewey, and Michie take their treatment of the Gospel of Mark to new levels. While retaining their clear and thorough analysis of Mark as a narrative, they now place their study of Mark in the context of orality. The new preface explains the role of Mark in a predominantly oral culture. Throughout the study, they refer to the author as composer, the narrator as performer, the Gospel as oral composition, and the audience as gathered communities. The conclusion hypothesizes a performance scenario of Mark in Palestine shortly after the Roman-Judean War of 66 to 70 CE.

The new edition also highlights the dimensions of Mark that stand in contrast to imperial worldviews and values. The authors argue that the performance of Mark itself was a means to draw audiences into a non-imperial world based on mutual service rather than hierarchical domination. In so doing, they shift the Gospel’s center of gravity from the end of the story to the beginning, configuring it not as “a passion narrative with an extended introduction” but as “the arrival of the rule of God with an extended denouement.”

The appendices for students at the end of the book offer exercises to interpret the narrative of Mark now also include “Exercises for Learning and Telling Episodes” from the Gospel of Mark by heart as part of the learning process.

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Table of Contents