THEOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND THE AUTHORITY OF THE OLD TESTAMENT

by John Goldingay

WILLIAM B. EERDMANS PUBLISHING COMPANY

GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN

Copyright © 1987 by Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.

255 Jefferson Ave., S.E., Grand Rapids, Mich. 49503

All rights reserved

Reprinted 1995

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Goldingay, John.

Theological diversity and the authority of the Old Testament.

Bibliography: p. 240

Includes index.

1. Bible. O.T.—Theology. I. Title.

BS1192.5.G65 1986 221.6 86-19638

ISBN 0-8028-0229-X

Contents

PREFACE

INTRODUCTION

1. Theological Diversity in the Old Testament

Forms of Diversity in Old Testament Faith

Reasons for the Diversity of Old Testament Faith

Degrees of Diversity and Forms of Contradiction

Is It Appropriate to Look for Theological Coherence in the Old Testament?

PART I: A Contextual or Historical Approach

2. Can We Explain Diverse Theologies by Their Contexts?

Diversity within the Boundaries of Membership of One “Family”

Diversity of Viewpoint and Diversity of Context

The Usefulness and Limitations of This Contextual Approach

Are Some Contexts More Illuminating Than Others?

Instances of Themes Emerging at Their Most Illuminating in Particular Contexts

3. A Contextualizing Study of “the People of God” in the Old Testament

The Wandering Clan

The Theocratic Nation

The Institutional State

The Afflicted Remnant

The Community of the Promise

The Continuing Story of the People of God in Judaism and Christianity

Permanent Insights and Recurring Questions

What Does It Mean to Be the People of God?

PART II: An Evaluative or Critical Approach

4. Can We Affirm Some Viewpoints and Criticize Others?

Evaluation on the Basis of the Material’s Moral Concern

Evaluation on the Basis of the Material’s Developmental Level

Evaluation on the Basis of the Material’s Mosaic or Prophetic Spirit

Evaluation on the Basis of a Comparison with New Testament Concerns

Evaluation of the Material on Its Own Terms

Sachkritik

The Canon within the Canon

An Evaluative or Critical Approach to Diversity in the Old Testament

5. An Evaluative Study of the Teaching of Deuteronomy

Deuteronomy’s Behavioral Values

Deuteronomy’s Theological Perspective

Deuteronomy’s Pastoral Strategy

PART III: A Unifying or Constructive Approach

6. Can We Formulate One Old Testament Theology?

The Search for a Unity Underlying the Old Testament as a Whole

Drawbacks and Limitations about the Search for a Unity Underlying Old Testament Faith

Old Testament Theology and Old Testament Symbols

A Constructive Approach

Instances of the Need for Theological Construction with Old Testament Material

7. A Unifying Approach to “Creation” and “Salvation” in the Old Testament

Salvation History Emphasized and Subjected to Critique

Nature Overshadowed and Re-acknowledged

Blessing Overshadowed and Re-acknowledged

Wisdom Overshadowed and Re-acknowledged

The Polarity of God’s Involvement in the Regularities of Life (Creation) and His Acts of Deliverance (Redemption)

The World God Redeems ...

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About Theological Diversity and the Authority of the Old Testament

In Theological Diversity and the Authority of the Old Testament, John Goldingay examines how the diverse viewpoints reflected in the Old Testament may be acknowledged, interrelated, and allowed to function theologically. In doing so, he analyzes as well as synthesizes, treating both the biblical text and scholarly interpretations.

Following an introductory overview of the theological diversity in the Old Testament and the questions raised by this diversity, Goldingay examines three approaches: the contextual or historical approach, the evaluative or critical approach, and the unifying or constructive approach. In each case he devotes one chapter to explaining the particular approach, and immediately follows with a chapter applying that approach to a particular Old Testament theme.

A thoroughly researched and original work, this book will appeal to students and scholars interested in ways of moving from acknowledgment of diversity in the Old Testament to a creative but disciplined recognition that those diverse viewpoints belong to one canon.

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