THE OLD TESTAMENT AS LITERATURE

Foundations for Christian Interpretation

TREMPER LONGMAN III

© 2024 by Tremper Longman III

Published by Baker Academic

a division of Baker Publishing Group

Grand Rapids, Michigan

BakerAcademic.com

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—for example, electronic, photocopy, recording—without the prior written permission of the publisher. The only exception is brief quotations in printed reviews.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Title: The Old Testament as literature : foundations for Christian interpretation / Tremper Longman, III.

Description: Grand Rapids, Michigan : Baker Academic, a division of Baker Publishing Group, [2024] | Series: Approaching the Old Testament | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2023038259 | ISBN 9781540961310 (cloth) | ISBN 9781493444373 (ebook) | ISBN 9781493444380 (pdf)

Subjects: LCSH: Bible as literature. | Bible. Old Testament—Criticism, interpretation, etc. | Bible. Old Testament—Language, style.

Classification: LCC BS535 .L585 2024 | DDC 220.6/6—dc23/eng/20231017

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2023038259

Unless otherwise indicated, all Scripture quotations are from THE HOLY BIBLE, NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION®, NIV® Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc.® Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide.

Scripture quotations labeled NRSVue are taken from the New Revised Standard Version Updated Edition. Copyright © 2021 National Council of Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide.

APPROACHING THE OLD TESTAMENT

To our two new grandchildren

Theodore James Longman (February 18, 2022)

Adelyn Jane Longman (June 14, 2022)

CONTENTS

Preface

Abbreviations

Introduction: Scope and Procedure

PART ONE: LITERARY THEORY AND THE CONVENTIONS OF BIBLICAL NARRATIVE AND POETRY

1. The Location of Meaning

2. History of the Study of the Old Testament as Literature

3. Genre Triggers Reading Strategy

4. Narrative Prose as Genre

5. Poetry as Genre

6. Intertextuality

PART TWO: THE ANALYSIS OF ILLUSTRATIVE PROSE-NARRATIVE TEXTS

7. Literary Readings of Prose Narratives from the Torah

Genesis 3

Genesis 6–9

Genesis 22

Exodus 1

8. Literary Readings of Prose Narratives from the Historical Books

1 Samuel 17

Nehemiah 13

PART THREE: THE ANALYSIS OF ILLUSTRATIVE POETIC TEXTS

9. Literary Readings of Poetic Texts from the Psalms

Psalm 46

Psalm 77

Psalm 67

Psalm 23

10. Literary Readings of Poetic Texts from Wisdom Literature

Proverbs 9:1–6, 13–18

Proverbs 14:1–7

Ecclesiastes 9:11–12

Job 38:2–7

11. Literary Readings of Poetic Texts from the Prophets and Epic Poetry

Nahum 1:2–8

Judges 5:19–27

Postlude: The Old Testament as Literature

Bibliography

Scripture Index

Author Index

Subject Index

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About The Old Testament as Literature: Foundations for Christian Interpretation

In the first of a three-volume project covering the foundations of Old Testament interpretation, a leading scholar explores the language and literature of the Old Testament as keys to understanding the biblical text.

Tremper Longman has studied and taught the Old Testament and its interpretation for four decades. Now, in a planned three-book project, he presents his mature thoughts on the essentials of Old Testament interpretation.

This first volume explores the importance of reading the Old Testament as literature. We need to recognize that each culture tells its stories and writes its poems in different ways. To read and understand the Old Testament texts the way the ancient authors intended, we need to be aware of the conventions of Hebrew storytelling and poetry. In part one, dealing with literary theory, Longman investigates how texts create meaning, the history of the study of the Old Testament as literature, and how genre dictates reading strategy. He explores the Hebrew conventions of both narrative and poetry in conversation with contemporary literary analysis. Part two delves into practice, using the tools gained in part one to look at and interpret a variety of Old Testament narratives and poetry.

Longman’s accessible writing and balanced judgments make this book suitable for the classroom and the church.

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