Jonah
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Lexham Research Commentary

Jonah

Wendy Widder

Edited by Douglas Mangum

Copyright 2017 Lexham Press

Lexham Press, 1313 Commercial St., Bellingham, WA 98225

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All rights reserved. You may use brief quotations from this resource in presentations, articles, and books. For all other uses, please write Lexham Press for permission. Email us at permissions@lexhampress.com.

Unless otherwise noted, Scripture quotations are the author’s own translation or are from the Lexham English Bible (leb), copyright 2013 by Lexham Press. Lexham is a registered trademark of Faithlife Corporation.

Series Editor: Douglas Mangum

Lexham Editorial Team: Elizabeth Vince

Table of Contents

Preface

Introduction to the Book of Jonah

Message

Themes

Genre

Composition

Historical Setting

Structure

Chapter 1: Jonah Flees from Yahweh (1:1–17)

Overview

Structure

Place within the Book

Place within the Canon

Issues at a Glance

Starting Point

Jonah Son of Amittai (1:1)

Why Nineveh? (1:2)

“From the Presence of Yahweh” (1:3)

The Sailors’ Sacrifices and Vows (1:16)

The Great Fish (1:17)

Key Word Studies

Background Studies: Sailing the Mediterranean in the Iron Age

Application Overview

Chapter 2: Jonah Prays from the Belly of the Fish (2:1–10)

Overview

Structure

Place within the Book

Place within the Canon

Issues at a Glance

Starting Point

The Presence of a Psalm (2:2–9)

The Belly of Sheol (2:2)

Banishment and Looking Toward the Temple (2:4)

The Bars of the Earth (2:6)

Idol Worshipers and “Their Faithfulness” (2:8)

Key Word Studies

Application Overview

Chapter 3: Jonah Preaches to Nineveh (3:1–10)

Overview

Structure

Place within the Book

Place within the Canon

Issues at a Glance

Starting Point

A City “Great to God” and Three Days’ Journey (3:2–3)

Jonah’s Message (3:4)

The Ninevites’ Belief (3:5)

The King of Nineveh (3:6)

Animals in Sackcloth (3:8)

Key Word Studies

Background Studies: The Assyrian Empire in the Eighth Century bc

Application Overview

Chapter 4: Jonah Is Angry at Yahweh’s Compassion (4:1–11)

Overview

Structure

Place within the Book

Place within the Canon

Issues at a Glance

Why Was Jonah Angry? (4:1–4)

The Chronology of Jonah (4:5)

Use of the Divine Name (4:6)

Key Word Studies

Application Overview

Abbreviations

Bibliography

Preface

The variety of views in biblical studies presents a maze of complexity. There are often as many interpretations as interpreters. With the Lexham Research Commentaries, we start from the premise that the best solution is to provide a map of the maze. The series is designed to be a research tool. Each guide presents a wide range of interpretive issues raised by Bible scholars. These resources meet the needs of those studying the Bible in academic settings, but the broad scope of coverage also makes them useful for preaching preparation.

The research engages with critical biblical scholarship and explains scholarly interpretations. Undoubtedly you will agree with some interpretations, disagree with others, and encounter some for the first time. ...

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About Jonah

The Lexham Research Commentary is your starting point for study and research. It surveys all the relevant literature on a passage and brings the summary back to you.

This guide summarizes a broad range of views on a particular passage—views you may or may not agree with, but in all cases, views you will encounter as you critically study the text. A complete introduction to each literary unit in the Bible, it will bring new thoroughness to your research.

The Lexham Research Commentary gives you the tools you need to find fast answers. It summarizes content from your books and organizes it in an easy-to-follow format. It gives you the direction to begin your study.

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Table of Contents