A Grammar of the

Hittite Language

Part 1 & 2

Reference Grammar and Tutorial

by

Harry A. Hoffner, Jr.

The University of Chicago

and

H. Craig Melchert

The University of California, Los Angeles

Winona Lake, Indiana

Eisenbrauns

2008

© 2008 by Harry A. Hoffner, Jr., and H. Craig Melchert

All rights reserved

www.eisenbrauns.com

Third printing, with minor corrections, 2011

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Hoffner, Harry A.

A grammar of the Hittite language / by Harry A. Hoffner Jr. and H. Craig Melchert.

p. cm.—(Languages of the ancient near east; 1)

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN 978-1-57506-119-1 (hardcover: alk. paper)

1. Hittite language—Grammar. I. Melchert, H. Craig (Harold Craig), 1945– II. Title.

P945.H59 2008

491′.998dc22

2008018385

LANGUAGES OF THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST

Editorial Board

Gonzalo Rubio, Pennsylvania State University

Editor-in-Chief

James P. Allen

Brown University

Gene B. Gragg

The Oriental Institute, Univ. of Chicago

John Huehnergard

Harvard University

Manfred Krebernik

Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena

Antonio Loprieno

Universität Basel

H. Craig Melchert

University of California, Los Angeles

Piotr Michalowski

University of Michigan

P. Oktor Skjærvø

Harvard University

Michael P. Streck

Universität Leipzig

To three giants of Hittitology,

in whose shadow we stand

Hans Gustav Güterbock

Emmanuel Laroche

Heinrich Otten

CONTENTS

Preface

Abbreviations and Conventional Markings

General Abbreviations

Bibliographical Abbreviations

Introduction

The Hittites and Their Language

Decipherment

The Text Corpus

Modern Resources for Study

Cuneiform Editions

Commentaries

Sign Lexicon

Grammars

Dictionaries

Text Catalogues and Name Collections

Chapter 1. Orthography and Phonology

The Cuneiform Writing System of the Hittites

Orthography

Writing Conventions

Transcriptional Conventions

Homophony

Polyphony

Multivalence

New Values

Logogram Pronunciation

Phonology

Individual Phonemes (Vowels and Consonants)

Vowels

Consonants

Phonotactics

Onomatopoeia

Accent

Chapter 2. Noun and Adjective Formation

Underived Stems

Derived Stems

Reduplicated Nouns and Adjectives

Compounded Nouns and Adjectives

Chapter 3. Noun and Adjective Inflection

Inflectional Endings

The Basic Scheme

Common-Gender Nominative

Common-Gender Accusative

Neuter Nominative-Accusative

Ergative

Genitive

Dative-Locative

Vocative

Allative

Ablative

Instrumental

Stem Variation

Chapter 4. Noun and Adjective Declension

a-Stem Nouns

Common-Gender a-Stem Nouns

Neuter a-Stem Nouns

a-Stem Adjectives

i- and u-Stem Nouns

i-Stem Nouns

i-Mutation

Common-Gender i-Stem Nouns

Neuter i-Stem Nouns

ai-Stem Nouns

i-Stem Adjectives

u-Stem Nouns

Common-Gender u-Stem Nouns

Neuter u-Stem Nouns

au-Stem Nouns

u-Stem Adjectives

e-Stem Noun

Consonantal-Stem Nouns and Adjectives

ḫ-Stem Noun

l-Stem Nouns

al-Stem Nouns

e/il-Stem Nouns

ul-Stem Nouns

n-Stem Nouns

Neuter n-Stem Nouns

Common-Gender n-Stem Nouns

r-Stem Nouns and Adjectives

s-Stem Nouns

t-Stem Nouns and Adjectives

Simple t-Stem Nouns

nt-Stem ...

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About A Grammar of the Hittite Language: Reference Grammar and Tutorial

Hoffner and Melchert’s long-awaited work is sure to become both the standard reference grammar and the main teaching tool for the Hittite language. This volume includes a thorough description of Hittite grammar, grounded in an abundance of textual examples. Moreover, the authors take into account a vast array of studies on all aspects of the Hittite language. In the five decades since the publication of the second edition of Johannes Friedrich’s Hethitisches Elementarbuch, our knowledge of Hittite grammar has become more detailed and nuanced, thanks especially to the new texts available and the growing body of secondary literature. This volume in the Languages of the Ancient Near East series fills a serious gap and will be a comprehensive reference for decades to come. It includes a tutorial consisting of a series of graded lessons with illustrative sentences for students to translate. The tutorial corresponds to the reference grammar and provides extensive notes on every chapter.

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