KINGDOM
OF PRIESTS

A History of Old Testament Israel

Second Edition

Eugene H. Merrill

Baker Academic

a division of Baker Publishing Group

Grand Rapids, Michigan

© 2008 by Eugene H. Merrill

Published by Baker Academic

a division of Baker Publishing Group

P.O. Box 6287, Grand Rapids, MI 49516-6287

www.bakeracademic.com

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—for example, electronic, photocopy, recording—without the prior written permission of the publisher. The only exception is brief quotations in printed reviews.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Merrill, Eugene H.

Kingdom of priests : a history of Old Testament Israel / Eugene H. Merrill. — 2nd ed.

p.    cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-0-8010-3199-1 (pbk.)

1. Bible. O.T.—History of Biblical events. 2. Jews—History —To 70 A.D. I. Title.

BS1197.M45 2008

933—dc22 2007036922

Unless otherwise indicated, Scripture quotations are from the HOLY BIBLE, NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION®. NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984 by International Bible Society. Used by permission of Zondervan. All rights reserved.

Scripture quotations labeled KJV are from the King James Version of the Bible.

Scripture quotations labeled RSV are from the Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyright 1952 [2nd edition, 1971] by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

Contents

Illustrations

Preface to the Second Edition

Preface to the First Edition

Abbreviations

1. Recalling Israel’s Past: Issues and Strategies

Preliminary Considerations

The History of Israel and Historiography

The Old Testament as Historiography

2. Origins

Israel at Moab

The Purpose of Torah

The Story of the Patriarchs

3. The Exodus: Birth of a Nation

The Meaning of the Exodus

The Historical Setting of the Exodus

The Date of the Exodus

The Dates and Length of the Egyptian Sojourn

Patriarchal Chronology

The Wilderness Wandering

4. The Conquest and Occupation of Canaan

The Land as Promise Fulfillment

The Ancient Near Eastern World

The ʿApiru and the Conquest

The Strategy of Joshua

The Date of Joshua’s Conquest

The Campaign against the Anakim

Alternative Models of the Conquest and Occupation

The Tribal Allotments

The Second Covenant Renewal at Shechem

5. The Era of the Judges: Covenant Violation, Anarchy, and Human Authority

The Literary-Critical Problem in Judges

The Chronology of Judges

The Ancient Near Eastern World

The Judges of Israel

The Bethlehem Trilogy

6. Saul: Covenant Misunderstanding

The Demand for Kingship

The Chronology of the Eleventh Century

The Selection of Saul

The First Challenge to Saul

The Decline of Saul

Theological Considerations

The Rise of David

7. David: Covenant Kingship

The Lack of Nationhood before David

David at Hebron

Chronicles and Theological History

Jerusalem the Capital...

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About Kingdom of Priests: A History of Old Testament Israel

From the origins and exodus to the restoration and new hope, Kingdom of Priests offers a comprehensive introduction to the history of Old Testament Israel. Merrill explores the history of ancient Israel not only from Old Testament texts but also from the literary and archeological sources of the ancient Near East. This updated and revised second edition addresses and interacts with current debates in the history of ancient Israel, and offers an up-to-date articulation of a conservative evangelical position on historical matters. The text is accented with nearly twenty maps and charts.

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