JPS Commentary on the Haggadah

Historical Introduction, Translation, and Commentary

Joseph Tabory

Foreword by David Stern

2008 • 5768

The Jewish Publication Society

Philadelphia

JPS is a nonprofit educational association and the oldest and foremost publisher of Judaica in English in North America. The mission of JPS is to enhance Jewish culture by promoting the dissemination of religious and secular works, in the United States and abroad, to all individuals and institutions interested in past and contemporary Jewish life.

Copyright © 2008 by Joseph Tabory

First edition. All rights reserved.

No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, except for brief passages in connection with a critical review, without permission in writing from the publisher:

The Jewish Publication Society

2100 Arch Street, 2nd floor

Philadelphia, PA 19103

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:

JPS commentary on the Haggadah: historical introduction, translation, and commentary / Joseph Tabory; foreword by David Stern.—1st ed.

p. cm.

Includes the text of the Haggadah in English and Hebrew.

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN 978-0-8276-0858-0

1. Haggadah. 2. Haggadot—Texts. 3. Sefer—Liturgy—Texts. 4. Judaism—Liturgy—Texts. I. Tabory, Joseph. II. Jewish Publication Society. III. Haggadah. English & Hebrew. IV. Title: Jewish Publication Society commentary on the Haggadah.

BM674.79J69 2008

296.4′5371—dc22

2007038589

JPS books are available at discounts for bulk purchases for reading groups, special sales, and fundraising purchases. Custom editions, including personalized covers, can be created in larger quantities for special needs. For more information, please contact us at marketing@jewishpub.org or at this address: 2100 Arch Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103.

To our parents,

Jean and Michael Best

and

Rachel ז״ל and Allan Zukerman,

who imbued us with the centrality of Torah,

importance of Israel, and

a love of the Jewish people; and to our children,

Jacob, Noah, and Ari,

to whom we strive to pass on these values.

Jane and Edward Best

To my siblings,

Ita, Judy, Binyamin, and Ephraim.

The Passover seder represents our shared past

and our hopes for the future.

Contents

Foreword by David Stern

Preface

Acknowledgments

The Haggadah and Its Ritual

The Sources

From the Bible to the Mishnah

From the Mishnah until the Modern Seder

An Overview of the Seder and Its History

Food at the Seder

Haroset

The Hagigah Sacrifice

The Timing of the Meal

Matzah, maror, and Karpas

The Food’s Symbolic Significance

The Afikoman

Structure and Symmetry

The Order of the Evening

Sanctifying the Day (Kaddesh)

Washing the Hands (Urehatz)

Dipping the Greens/Vegetable (Karpas)

The Breaking of the Matzah (Yahatz)

The Story of the Redemption (Maggid)

The Structure

Questions and Answers—Paschal Foods

The Story: From Lowliness to Glory

The Midrash

The Other ...

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About JPS Commentary on the Haggadah: Historical Introduction, Translation, and Commentary

The Passover haggadah enjoys an unrivaled place in Jewish culture, both religious and secular. And of all the classic Jewish books, the Haggadah is the one most “alive” today. Jews continue to rewrite, revise, and add to its text, recasting it so that it remains relevant to their lives.

In this volume in the JPS Commentary collection, Joseph Tabory, one of the world’s leading authorities on the history of the Haggadah, traces the development of the Seder and the Haggadah through the ages.

The book features an extended introduction by Tabory, the classic Hebrew Haggadah text side by side with its English translation, and Tabory’s clear and insightful critical-historical commentary.

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Table of Contents