Jewish Encyclopedia
a descriptive record of
The History, Religion, Literature, and Customs of the Jewish People from the Earliest Times
Prepared by More than Four Hundred Scholars and Specialists
under the direction of the following editorial board
Cyrus Adler, Ph.D. (Departments of Post-Biblical Antiquities; the Jews of America)
Gotthard Deutsch, Ph.D. (Department of History from 1492 to 1901)
Louis Ginzberg, Ph.D. (Department of Rabbinical Literature)
Richard Gottheil, Ph.D. (Department of History from Ezra to 1492; History of Post-Talmudic Literature)
Joseph Jacobs, B.A. (Departments of the Jews of England and Anthropology; Revising Editor)
Marcus Jastrow, Ph.D. (Department of the Talmud)
Morris Jastrow, Jr., Ph.D. (Department of the Bible)
Kaufmann Kohler, Ph.D. (Departments of Theology and Philosophy)
Frederick de Sola Mendes, Ph.D. (Chief of the Bureau of Translation; Revising Editor)
Isidore Singer, Ph.D. (Department of Modern Biography from 1750 to 1901)
Crawford H. Toy, D.D., LL.D. (Departments of Hebrew Philology and Hellenistic Literature)
ISIDORE SINGER, Ph.D.
Projector and Managing Editor
assisted by american and foreign boards of consulting editors
(see page v)
In 12 Volumes
Editorial Board
CYRUS ADLER, Ph.D.
(Departments of Post-Biblical Antiquities; the Jews of America.)
President of the American Jewish Historical Society; Librarian, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.
GOTTHARD DEUTSCH, Ph.D.
(Department of History from 1492 to 1901.)
Professor of Jewish History, Hebrew Union College, Cincinnati, Ohio; Editor of “Deborah.”
LOUIS GINZBERG, Ph.D.
(Department of Rabbinical Literature.)
New York; Author of “Die Haggada bei den Kirchenvätern.”
RICHARD GOTTHEIL, Ph.D.
(Departments of History from Ezra to 1492; History of Post-Talmudic Literature.)
Professor of Semitic Languages, Columbia University, New York; Chief of the Oriental Department, New York Public Library; President of the Federation of American Zionists.
JOSEPH JACOBS, B.A.
(Departments of the Jews of England and Anthropology; Revising Editor.)
Formerly President of the Jewish Historical Society of England; Author of “Jews of Angevin England,” etc.
MARCUS JASTROW, Ph.D.
(Department of the Talmud.)
Rabbi Emeritus of the Congregation Rodef Shalom, Philadelphia, Pa.; Author of “Dictionary of the Talmud.”
MORRIS JASTROW, Jr., Ph.D.
(Department of the Bible.)
Professor of Semitic Languages and Librarian in the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.; Author of “Religion of the Babylonians and Assyrians,” etc.
KAUFMANN KOHLER, Ph.D.
(Departments of Theology and Philosophy.)
Rabbi of Temple Beth-El, New York; President of the Board of Jewish Ministers, New York.
FREDERICK DE SOLA MENDES, Ph.D.
(Chief of the Bureau of Translation; Revising Editor.)
Rabbi of the West End Synagogue, New York; Vice-President of Board of Jewish Ministers, New York.
ISIDORE SINGER, Ph.D.
Managing Editor.
(Department of Modern Biography from 1750 to 1901.)
CRAWFORD HOWELL ...
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About The Jewish Encyclopedia: A Descriptive Record of the History, Religion, Literature, and Customs of the Jewish People from the Earliest Times to the Present Day, 12 VolumesThe Jewish people have been connected with some of the important movements in history. The early histories of the world’s most influential monotheistic religions are connected with the Hebrew Bible. The Jewish Encyclopedia gives a comprehensive, systematized, and succinct account of the Jewish people—their history and literature, social and intellectual life, and their contribution to the world’s history. With over 15,000 articles—including over 1,000 images and illustrations—it covers ethical and religious views, customs, rites, and traditions. It also offers detailed biographical information on prominent Jewish people throughout history, and casts light on the phases and development of Judaism. The Jewish Encyclopedia represents the pinnacle of nineteenth century scholarship, yet remains profoundly relevant for today’s issues. This publication is the achievement of the Wissenschaft des Judentums—the nineteenth century movement to modernize Judaism and highlights the contributions of Jewish people in the fields of arts, literature, and science. It brings the best objective scholarship to bear on the history and status of the Jewish people in the modern world. Although nearly a century old, this massive reference works contains important articles on history, culture, and more. |
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