Hermeneutics
Principles and Processes of Biblical Interpretation
Henry A. Virkler
and Karelynne Gerber Ayayo
a division of Baker Publishing Group
Grand Rapids, Michigan
© 1981 by Baker Book House Company
© 2007, 2023 by Henry A. Virkler and Karelynne Gerber Ayayo
Published by Baker Academic
a division of Baker Publishing Group
Grand Rapids, MI
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—for example, electronic, photocopy, recording—without the prior written permission of the publisher. The only exception is brief quotations in printed reviews.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Virkler, Henry A., 1948– author. | Ayayo, Karelynne Gerber, 1975– author.
Title: Hermeneutics : principles and processes of biblical interpretation / Henry A. Virkler and Karelynne Gerber Ayayo.
Description: Third edition. | Grand Rapids, Michigan : Baker Academic, a division of Baker Publishing Group, [2023] | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2023009229 | ISBN 9781540964076 (paperback) | ISBN 9781540966896 (casebound) | ISBN 9781493443093 (ebook) | ISBN 9781493443109 (pdf)
Subjects: LCSH: Bible—Hermeneutics.
Classification: LCC BS476 .V54 2023 | DDC 220.601—dc23/eng/20230419
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2023009229
Unless otherwise indicated, Scripture quotations are from THE HOLY BIBLE, NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION®, NIV® Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc.® Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide.
Scripture quotations labeled KJV are from the King James Version of the Bible.
Scripture quotations labeled NASB are from the New American Standard Bible® (NASB), copyright © 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995 by The Lockman Foundation. Used by permission. www.Lockman.org
Scripture quotations labeled NEB are taken from the New English Bible, copyright © Cambridge University Press and Oxford University Press 1961, 1970. All rights reserved.
Scripture quotations labeled NKJV are from the New King James Version®. Copyright © 1982 by Thomas Nelson. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
Scripture quotations labeled NRSV are from the New Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyright © 1989 National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
Scripture quotations labeled RSV are from the Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyright 1946, 1952 [2nd edition, 1971] National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide.
whose love for God, for me, for our children and grandchildren
is an unceasing source of encouragement
To Michael,
who models devotion to the authoritative proclamation
of Scripture in word and deed
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About Hermeneutics: Principles and Processes of Biblical Interpretation, 3rd EditionThis textbook provides students and general readers with clear, accessible guidance for interpreting the Bible. With nearly 120,000 copies sold, it has become a trusted resource for serious students of the Bible. The authors’ successful approach shows how proper theory leads to sound practice. This book gives readers not only an understanding of the principles of proper biblical interpretation but also the ability to apply those principles in sermon preparation, personal Bible study, or writing. The authors outline a five-step hermeneutical procedure that includes: (1) historical-cultural and contextual analysis, (2) lexical-syntactical analysis, (3) theological analysis, (4) genre identification and analysis, and (5) application. The third edition has been updated throughout to account for significant new developments or theories and to take reader feedback into account. Exercises have also been updated and streamlined. |
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