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Greek Grammar

BEYOND the BASICS

an exegetical syntax of the new testament

Daniel B.

WALLACE

Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics

Requests for information should be addressed to:

Zondervan, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49530

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Wallace, Daniel B.

Greek grammar beyond the basics: an exegetical syntax of the New Testament / Daniel B. Wallace.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-0-310-21895-1

1. Greek language, Biblical--Syntax. 2. Greek language, Biblical--Grammar. 3. Bible. N.T.--Language, style. I. Title.

PA851.W34 1995

487′.4—dc20

95-33112

The Greek New Testament, edited by Barbara Aland, Kurt Aland, J. Karavidopoulos, Carlo M. Martini, and Bruce M. Metzger. Fourth Revised Edition. © 1966, 1968, 1975, 1983, 1994 by the United Bible Societies. Used by permission.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or any other—except for brief quotations in printed reviews, without the prior permission of the publisher.

Two men in particular have instilled in me

a love for the Greek New Testament,

both by their scholarship and by their example of

Christian grace and humility.

To them this book is dedicated:

Dr. Buist M. Fanning

and the memory of

Dr. Harry A. Sturz

Table of Contents

Preface

List of Illustrations

Abbreviations

Introduction

The Approach of This Book

The Language of the New Testament

Syntax Proper

Syntax of Words and Phrases

Part I: Syntax of Nouns and Nominals

The Cases

The Cases: An Introduction

Part I: Origin, Function, Regular Uses, Absence

Part II: Special Uses and Non-Uses of the Article

Adjectives

Pronouns

Prepositions

Part II: Syntax of Verbs and Verbals

The Tenses: An Introduction

Perfect and Pluperfect

The Infinitive

The Participle

Syntax of the Clause

Introduction to Greek Clauses

The Role of Conjunctions

Special Studies in the Clauses

Conditional Sentences

Volitional Clauses (Commands and Prohibitions)

Preface

I. Why This Book?

When Mounce only half-jokingly notes in his preface that “the ratio of Greek grammars to Greek professors is ten to nine,”1 he is referring to first-year grammars. The situation, up until fairly recently, has been quite different for the intermediate level: such grammars could be counted on one hand. The last two decades have seen a reversal of this trend. There are now notable works by Brooks and Winbery, Vaughan and Gideon, Hoffmann and von Siebenthal (though not yet in English), Porter, and Young, to mention a few.2 The question then arises: ...

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About Greek Grammar beyond the Basics: An Exegetical Syntax of the New Testament

For seminary students, the goal of studying Greek grammar is the accurate exegesis of biblical texts. Sound exegesis requires that the exegete consider grammar within a larger framework that includes context, lexeme, and other linguistic features.

While the trend of some grammarians has been to take a purely grammatical approach to the language, Greek Grammar beyond the Basics integrates the technical requirements for proper Greek interpretation with the actual interests and needs of Bible students. It is the first textbook to systematically link syntax and exegesis of the New Testament for second-year Greek students. It explores numerous syntactical categories, some of which have not previously been dealt with in print.

Greek Grammar beyond the Basics is the most up-to-date Greek grammar available. It equips intermediate Greek students with the skills they need to do exegesis of biblical texts in a way that is faithful to their intended meaning. The expanded edition contains a subject index, a Greek word index, and page numbers in the Syntax Summary section.

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Table of Contents