A Biblical and Historical Study of the Doctrine of Final Punishment
Third Edition
EDWARD WILLIAM FUDGE
CASCADE Books • Eugene, Oregon
A Biblical and Historical Study of the Doctrine of Final Punishment
Third Edition
Copyright © 2011 Edward William Fudge. All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in critical publications or reviews, no part of this book may be reproduced in any manner without prior written permission from the publisher. Write: Permissions, Wipf and Stock Publishers, 199 W. 8th Ave., Suite 3, Eugene, OR 97401.
Cascade Books
An Imprint of Wipf and Stock Publishers
199 W. 8th Ave., Suite 3
Eugene, OR 97401
isbn 13: 978-1-60899-930-9
Cataloging-in-Publication data:
Fudge, Edward.
The fire that consumes: a biblical and historical study of the doctrine of final punishment. third edition / Edward William Fudge, with forewords by F. F. Bruce, John W. Wenham, and Richard J. Bauckham.
xxiv + 418 p.; 23 cm. Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
isbn 13: 978-1-60899-930-9
1. Hell—Biblical teaching. 2. Future punishment—biblical teaching. 3. Immortality—Biblical teaching. 4. Resurrection—Biblical teaching. I. Bruce, F. F. (Frederick Fyvie), 1910–1990. II. Wenham, John William. III. Bauckham, Richard. IV. Title.
BS680.H43 F92 2011
This work is humbly and worshipfully dedicated
as the offering of an unworthy servant
to God’s Son, my Savior,
the LORD JESUS CHRIST,
who alone is able to deliver us from the Wrath to Come.
“Where a very serious crime is punished by death
and the execution of the sentence takes only a minute,
no laws consider that minute as the measure of the punishment,
but rather the fact that the criminal is forever removed
from the community of the living.”
St. Augustine
Foreword to Third Edition—Richard Bauckham
Foreword to First Edition—F. F. Bruce
Foreword to Second Edition—John W. Wenham
1. Rethinking Hell: Apostasy or New Reformation?
2. Back to the Bible: The Protestant Principle
3. Souls: Immortal or Otherwise
4. Aiōnios: Duration, Quality, or Both?
7. Divine Justice: Historical Examples
8. Divine Justice: Messiah and the End
9. Diversity: Apocrypha and Dead Sea Scrolls
12. Jesus: Fire (Gehenna Not Named)
13. Jesus: Fire (Parable of the Sheep and the Goats)
14. Jesus: Fire (Parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus)
16. Golgotha: Judgment Revealed (1)
17. Golgotha: Judgment Revealed (2)
20. Romans, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians
24. Apostolic Fathers and Their Successors
25. The Apologists: A Fire That Torments
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About The Fire That Consumes: A Biblical and Historical Study of the Doctrine of Final PunishmentEvangelical Christians affirm together that a dreadful destiny awaits those who reject God’s grace throughout life. According to the traditional view, that destiny will involve unending conscious torment in hell. However, believers are increasingly questioning that understanding, as both unbiblical and inconsistent with the character of God revealed in the Scriptures and in the man Jesus Christ. This internationally acclaimed book—now fully updated, revised, and expanded—carefully examines the complete teaching of Scripture on the subject of final punishment. It concludes that hell is a place of total annihilation, everlasting destruction, although the destructive process encompasses conscious torment of whatever sort, intensity, and duration God might require in each individual case. |
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