From Prophecy

to Testament

The Function of the Old Testament in the New

Craig A. Evans, editor

© 2004 by Craig A. Evans

Hendrickson Publishers, Inc.

P. O. Box 3473

Peabody, Massachusetts 01961-3473

ISBN 1-56563-765-8

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.

First Printing—March 2004

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

From prophecy to testament: the function of the Old Testament in the New / edited by Craig A. Evans.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and indexes.

ISBN 1-56563-765-8 (hardcover: alk. paper)

1. Bible. N.T.—Relation to the Old Testament. I. Evans, Craig A.

BS2387.F76 2004

230′.041—dc22

2003027733

Contents

Preface

Contributors

Abbreviations

From Prophecy to Testament: An Introduction

Craig A. Evans

1. From Aramaic Paraphrase to Greek Testament

Bruce Chilton

2. The Aramaic Psalter and the New Testament: Praising the Lord in History and Prophecy

Craig A. Evans

3. Immanuel: Virgin Birth Proof Text or Programmatic Warning of Things to Come (Isa 7:14 in Matt 1:23)?

Rikk E. Watts

4. The Gospels and the Text of the Hebrew Bible: Micah 5:1 (Matt 2:6) in Tatian’s Diatessaron

Robert F. Shedinger

5. Torah, Life, and Salvation: Leviticus 18:5 in Early Judaism and the New Testament

Simon J. Gathercole

6. The Significance of Signs in Luke 7:22–23 in the Light of Isaiah 61 and the Messianic Apocalypse

Michael Labahn

7. “No One Has Ever Seen God”: Revisionary Criticism in the Fourth Gospel

A. J. Droge

8. The Festival of Weeks and the Story of Pentecost in Acts 2

James C. VanderKam

9. Stephen’s Speech (Acts 7) in Its Exegetical Context

James L. Kugel

10. Hagar between Genesis and Galatians: The Stony Road to Freedom

Brigitte Kahl

11. The Culpability of Eve: From Genesis to Timothy

Gary A. Anderson

12. From Prophecy to Testament: An Epilogue

James A. Sanders

Index of Modern Authors

Index of Ancient Sources

Preface

Interest in the origins of sacred literature and in how early communities of faith interpreted this literature remains high. Investigation into the hermeneutics of late antiquity and how it was shaped by theology and in turn shaped theology itself is vital for a better understanding of the origins of Judaism and Christianity. The papers that make up the present volume probe significant dimensions of this topic in important ways. The role of language, differing versions, writings inside and outside the “canon,” festivals, customs, worship, and strategies of persuasion are explored.

The book is designed to serve as an introduction and reader in the subject of the function of the Old Testament in the New. The introduction, written primarily with the student in mind, not the veteran scholar, orients readers to the larger issues, surveys the principal primary and secondary literature, and ...

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About From Prophecy to Testament: The Function of the Old Testament in the New

The theology of the New Testament is indebted to—and a reflection of—major Old Testament themes, images, and language, because the New Testament authors wrote in the context of the Old Testament and the rich Jewish tradition of the study and interpretation of Scripture.

A group of ancient Jewish writers provided the Christian church with its Old Testament Greek text (the Septuagint) and provided Aramaic translations (the Targums) for some of the writers of the New Testament. This group also produced many works that, whether intentionally or not, offered interpretations, expansions, and explanations of difficult or obscure Old Testament passages that influenced the New Testament authors.

From Prophecy to Testament opens with a basic overview of past work on the development of New Testament theology, then offers a superb collection of essays exploring the numerous ways in which New Testament writers were informed by the biblical and extrabiblical literature of the Second-Temple period.

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