THE FALL AND SIN

What We Have Become as Sinners

Marguerite Shuster

William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company

Grand Rapids, Michigan / Cambridge, U.K.

© 2004 Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.

All rights reserved

Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.

2140 Oak Industrial Drive N.E., Grand Rapids, Michigan 49505 /

P.O. Box 163, Cambridge CB3 9PU U.K.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Shuster, Marguerite.

The Fall and sin: what we have become as sinners / Marguerite Shuster.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-0-8028-0994-4 (pbk.: alk. paper)

1. Fall of man. 2. Sin. I. Title.

BT710.S53 2004

233′.14 — dc21

2003060240

www.eerdmans.com

In memory of Paul,

Who loved righteousness and hungered for it

Contents

Preface

I. THE FALL OF HUMANKIND

1. Introduction: Primal History Viewed as Covenantal

Creation and Fall

God’s Covenant Relationship with Humankind

Excursus: Primal History, Time, and Space

Parties to the Covenant

Conditions of the Covenant

The Threat of Death

The Promise of Life

The Ongoing Status of the Covenant of Works

“On Doing What We Can”—A Sermon

2. The Root of the Fall

The Fall and Human Freedom and Responsibility

The Fall and the Idea of Tragedy

3. The Nature of the Fall

The Significance of the Insignificant

The Problem of Authority

The Fall as Pride and Unbelief

Objections to Understanding the Fall as Pride and Unbelief

Roman Catholicism and the Donum Superadditum

4. Consequences of the Fall

Humankind’s Attitude toward God

Excursus: Clothing, Modesty, and Nudity in Art

God’s Attitude toward Humankind

Humankind’s Environment

Fallen Human History

5. The Divine Purpose and Moral Evil

Divine Sovereignty

Is God Responsible for Sin?

Is Evil Necessary for Good?

II. THE DOCTRINE OF SIN

6. The Nature of Sin

Sin as Act

Sin as Condition

“Sin”—A Sermon

7. Sin and Sins

Degrees of Sin and of Culpability

Categories of Sins

8. Original Sin

Original Sin as Radical Depravity

Original Sin as Universal

The Biblical Basis of the Doctrine of Original Sin

“Shadows”—A Sermon

9. Problems of Freedom

Moral Inability

Pelagianism

Free Agency

Solidarity in Sin

10. Civil Righteousness

“I’d Rather Do It Myself”—A Sermon

appendix 1: Physical Death as Existential Reality

Death as Curse and Mystery

Death Avoided

Death Shaping Life

Death Embraced

Death, the Funeral, and the Grave

“Private Enemy #1”—A Sermon

appendix 2: Biblical Vocabulary Relating to Sin

Subject Index

Name Index

Scripture Reference Index

Preface

Somehow it seems fitting to be inscribing this preface to a volume on the Fall and sin on Christmas Eve, anticipating the coming of the One who delivers us from their fatal effects and whose final victory we await with longing. True, at the close of the fateful year 2001, the minds of many citizens of the United States are fixed more on their offended innocence in the face of terrorist attacks, than on the overwhelming guilt that marks them as members of a universally fallen humankind. Yet apart from the Fall and the pervasiveness ...

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About The Fall and Sin: What We Have Become as Sinners

The devastating evils of recent history have brought about renewed interest in the Christian doctrine of sin. This volume explores with fresh insight and great seriousness the contemporary plausibility, meaning, and relevance of the biblical understanding of the Fall and its effects.

Marguerite Shuster argues that certain aspects of the traditional doctrine of the Fall, including the belief that it took place in time and space, cannot simply be set aside without serious consequences for our doctrine of God and our understanding of human identity, dignity, and responsibility. She explores the nature and extent of sin and examines such problematic issues as “degrees” of sin and culpability. Despite the seriousness with which Shuster treats these topics, her discussion is not despairing but instead points to the redemption that God has accomplished in Christ.

Filled with contemporary allusions and completed with model sermons on the Fall and sin, this volume is one of the best available studies of this key Christian doctrine.

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