EVANGELICAL DICTIONARY of

THEOLOGY

THIRD EDITION

Edited by

DANIEL J. TREIER

and WALTER A. ELWELL

Evangelical Dictionary of Theology, 3rd edition

General Editors: Daniel J. Treier and Walter A. Elwell

Advisory Editors: D. Jeffrey Bingham, Cheryl Bridges Johns, John G. Stackhouse Jr., Tite Tiénou, and Kevin J. Vanhoozer

© 1984, 2001, 2017 by Baker Publishing Group

Published by Baker Academic

a division of Baker Publishing Group

P.O. Box 6287, Grand Rapids, MI 49516–6287

www.bakeracademic.com

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—for example, electronic, photocopy, recording—without the prior written permission of the publisher. The only exception is brief quotations in printed reviews.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Treier, Daniel J., 1972– editor. | Elwell, Walter A., editor.

Title: Evangelical dictionary of theology / edited by Daniel J. Treier, Walter A. Elwell.

Description: Third edition. | Grand Rapids, MI : Baker Academic, a division of Baker Publishing Group, 2017.

Identifiers: LCCN 2017027228 | ISBN 9780801039461 (cloth : alk. paper)

Subjects: LCSH: Theology—Dictionaries.

Classification: LCC BR95 .E87 2017 | DDC 230/.0462403—dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017027228

Unless otherwise labeled, Scripture quotations are from the Holy Bible, New International Version®. NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc.tm Used by permission of Zondervan. All rights reserved worldwide. www.zondervan.com

CONTENTS

Preface to the Third Edition

Preface to the Second Edition

Preface to the First Edition

Contributors

Abbreviations

Dictionary Entries A–Z

List of Entries

PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION

In 1984, when Walter Elwell dramatically revised and expanded the former Baker Dictionary of Theology into the Evangelical Dictionary of Theology, he did not have the luxury of using computerized word processing or spreadsheets. He relied on postcards and a basement worktable. I treasure a 1983 photo he has shared, in which he stands next to the typescript as it was ready for delivery to the publisher—registering, on a tape measure, over five feet tall! The resulting legacy of the EDT is long and distinctive, particularly in its readability and its global reach, for instance into Eastern Europe.

Nevertheless, revision inevitably becomes essential, and I am grateful for Dr. Elwell’s blessing to take up this responsibility. The basic editorial perspective remains the same: attempting to represent both the range of evangelical diversity accurately and the center of evangelical consensus winsomely, while making evangelical engagement with wider scholarship accessible. The chief components of this revision include the following.

1. We have reduced the volume’s overall size by nearly 30 percent to strengthen its focus on theology per se, taking advantage of the fact that some secondary material is now readily and ...