1-2 TIMOTHY & TITUS

Evangelical Biblical Theology Commentary

General Editors

T. Desmond Alexander, Thomas R. Schreiner, Andreas J. Köstenberger

Assistant Editors

James M. Hamilton, Kenneth A. Mathews, Terry L. Wilder

Andreas J. Köstenberger

1-2 Timothy & Titus

Evangelical Biblical Theology Commentary

Copyright 2020 Andreas J. Köstenberger

Lexham Press, 1313 Commercial St., Bellingham, WA 98225

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ISBN 9781683594314

Library of Congress Control Number 2020942291

General Editors: T. Desmond Alexander, Thomas R. Schreiner, Andreas J. Köstenberger

Assistant Editors: James M. Hamilton, Kenneth A. Mathews, Terry L. Wilder

DEDICATION

To all faithful pastors, elders, and deacons:

“so that you will know how people ought to conduct

themselves in God’s household,

which is the church of the living God,

the pillar and foundation of the truth.

And most certainly, the mystery of godliness is great:

He was manifested in the flesh,

vindicated in the Spirit,

seen by angels,

proclaimed among the nations,

believed on in the world,

taken up in glory.”

(1 Tim 3:14–16 CSB)

CONTENTS

General Editors’ Preface

Dedication

Acknowledgements

List of Abbreviations

Introduction

I. Author and Date

A. Relationship among the Letters

B. Role of Timothy and Titus

C. Order of the Letters

D. Canonicity

E. Authenticity

F. Pauline Chronology

II. Historical Context

A. The Nature of the False Teachings

B. The Polemic against the False Teachers

C. The Social Setting of the Letters to Timothy and Titus

III. Literary Analysis and Structure

A. Genre

B. Literary Integrity

C. Vocabulary

D. Use of Preformed Traditions

Exposition of 1 Timothy

Occasion and Purpose

The Opponents

Structure

Commentary

I. Opening (1:1–2)

II. Personal Charge (1:3–20)

A. The Challenge of the False Teachers (1:3–11)

B. Paul’s Testimony (1:12–17)

C. Exhortation to Timothy (1:18–20)

III. Congregational Matters: Promoting Unity and Order in God’s Household, Qualifications for Church Officers (2:1–3:16)

A. On Prayer (2:1–8)

B. Regarding Women (2:9–15)

C. Qualifications for Church Leaders (3:1–13)

1. Overseers (3:1–7)

2. Deacons (3:8–13)

D. Purpose of Paul’s Letter and Concluding Confession (3:14–16)

IV. Further Charges (4:1–6:2a)

A. Latter-day Apostasy (4:1–5)

B. Being a Good Servant of Jesus Christ (4:6–16)

C. Further Congregational Matters: Dealing with Different Age Groups, Widows, Elders, and Slaves (5:1–6:2a)

1. Relating to Older and Younger Men, Older and Younger Women (5:1–2)

2. Ministering to Widows (5:3–16)

3. Dealing with Elders (5:17–25)

4. Instructions for Slaves (6:1–2a)

V. Extended Final Exhortation (6:2b–19)

VI. Closing (6:20–21)

Exposition of 2 Timothy

Occasion and Purpose

The Opponents

Structure

Genre

Commentary

I. Letter Opening (1:1–5)

A. Greeting (1:1–2)

B. Thanksgiving (1:3–5)...