A

Dictionary of the Bible

DEALING WITH ITS

LANGUAGE, LITERATURE, AND CONTENTS

INCLUDING THE BIBLICAL THEOLOGY

edited by

JAMES HASTINGS, M.A., D.D.

with the assistance of

JOHN A. SELBIE, M.A.

and, chiefly in the revision of the proofs, of

H. B. SWETE, D.D., Litt.D.

regius professor of divinity, cambridge

VOLUME I–IV

A–Z

EXTRA VOLUME

CONTAINING ARTICLES, INDEXES, AND MAPS

NEW YORK

CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS

Edinburgh: T. & T. CLARK

1911–1912

Copyright, Vol. 1, 1898; Vol. 2, 1899; Vol. 3, 1900; Vol. 4, 1902; Vol. 5, 1904 by

CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS

The Rights of Translation and of Reproduction are reserved

*** Messrs. Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York, have the sole right of publication of this Dictionary of the Bible in the United States and Canada.

THE EDITOR OF THIS

DICTIONARY OF THE BIBLE

DESIRES TO DEDICATE IT TO THE MEMORY OF

Sir Thomas Clark, Baronet

Sometime Publisher in Edinburgh

and the

Rev. Andrew Bruce Davidson,

D.D., LL.D., Litt.D.

Sometime Professor of Hebrew in the New College, Edinburgh

PREFACE

Volume I

‘Give heed to … teaching.’ Perhaps the Church of Christ has never given sufficient heed to teaching since the earliest and happiest days. In our own day the importance of teaching, or, as we sometimes call it, expository preaching, has been pressed home through causes that are various yet never accidental; and it is probable that in the near future more heed will be given by the Church to teaching than has ever been given before.

As a contribution towards the furnishing of the Church for that great work, this Dictionary of the Bible is published. It is a Dictionary of the Old and New Testaments, together with the Old Testament Apocrypha, according to the Authorized and Revised English Versions, and with constant reference to the original tongues. Every effort has been used to make the information it contains reasonably full, trustworthy, and accessible.

As to fulness. In a Dictionary of the Bible one expects that the words occurring in the Bible, which do not explain themselves, will receive some explanation. The present Dictionary more nearly meets that expectation than any Dictionary that has hitherto been published. Articles have been written on the names of all Persons and Places, on the Antiquities and Archæology of the Bible, on its Ethnology, Geology, and Natural History, on Biblical Theology and Ethic, and even on the obsolete or archaic words occurring in the English Versions. The greater number of the articles are of small compass, for care has been exercised to exclude vague generalities as well as unaccepted idiosyncrasies; but there are many articles which deal with important and difficult subjects, and extend to considerable length. Such, for example, and to mention only one, is the article in the first volume on the Chronology of the New Testament.

As to trustworthiness. The names of the authors ...