Dignity and Destiny

Humanity in the Image of God

John F. Kilner

William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company

Grand Rapids, Michigan / Cambridge, U.K.

© 2015 John F. Kilner

All rights reserved

Published 2015 by

Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.

2140 Oak Industrial Drive N.E., Grand Rapids, Michigan 49505 /

P.O. Box 163, Cambridge CB3 9PU U.K.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Kilner, John Frederic.

Dignity and destiny: humanity in the image of God / John F. Kilner.

pages cm

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-0-8028-6764-3 (pbk.: alk. paper)

1. Image of God. 2. Theological anthropology—Christianity I. Title.

BT103.K4647 2015

233´.5—dc23

2014036009

www.eerdmans.com

For Beth and Marvin,

gifts of God’s goodness

Contents

Introduction

Part I: The Human and Divine Context

1. Much Is at Stake: The Liberation and Devastation of God’s Image

Image-Inspired Liberation

Image-Inspired Devastation

Why Such Disagreement

Little Attention in the Bible

Little Definition in the Bible

Importing Theological Ideas

Importing Cultural Ideas

2. Much Is Known: Christ as God’s Image

The Term “Image”

The Primary New Testament Passages

Christ as Enabler and Standard of God’s Image

Part II: Human Dignity

3. Humanity’s Creation in God’s Image

Who Is Identified with the Image of God

How People Are Related to the Image of God

What Creation in God’s Image Is Not

Inadequate Assumptions

How People Are Excellent

How People Are Like God

How People Are Unlike Animals

Common Themes

Creation in God’s Image

Image as Connection

Image as Reflection

4. The Impact of Sin on God’s Image

Humanity as a Whole

People Experiencing New Life in Christ

The Undamaged Image of God

Images of Adam and of “Gods”

Contrary Voices

Completely Lost

Virtually Lost

Partly Lost

Appearance Compromised

Other Voices

Damaging God’s Image

5. Misunderstandings about God’s Image

Reason and God’s Image

Righteousness and God’s Image

Rulership and God’s Image

Relationship and God’s Image

A Better Understanding of Human Attributes

Part III: Human Destiny

6. Humanity’s Renewal in God’s Image: Primary Voices

The Primary Passages

Romans 8

2 Corinthians 3

Colossians 3

The Primary Echoes

Ephesians 4

1 Corinthians 15

1 John 3

7. Humanity’s Renewal in God’s Image: Recurring Themes

Eternity and Destiny

People and Image

Connection and Reflection

Connection

Reflection in the Present

Reflection in the Future

Conclusion

Living in the Image of God

Being Viewed as in God’s Image

Being Treated as in God’s Image

Being in God’s Image

A Better Way Forward

References Cited

Index of Names and Subjects

Index of Biblical Passages

Introduction

Why another book on the image of God? If nothing else, there is great value in the notes here, which connect readers to many of the thousands of discussions of this important topic!

As those notes document, vast speculation about God’s image has appeared over the centuries. Apparently most people never got the memo—the one a Desert Father reportedly wrote: “Don’t speculate about the ...

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DD:HIG

About Dignity and Destiny: Humanity in the Image of God

Magisterial, up-to-date study of human beings in the image of God.

Misunderstandings about what it means for humans to be created in God’s image have wreaked devastation throughout history—for example, slavery in the U. S., genocide in Nazi Germany, and the demeaning of women everywhere.

In Dignity and Destiny John Kilner explores what the Bible itself teaches about humanity being in God’s image. He discusses in detail all of the biblical references to the image of God, interacts extensively with other work on the topic, and documents how misunderstandings of it have been so problematic.

People made according to God’s image, Kilner says, have a special connection with God and are intended to be a meaningful reflection of him. Because of sin, they don’t actually reflect him very well, but Kilner shows why the popular idea that sin has damaged the image of God is mistaken. He also clarifies the biblical difference between being God’s image (which Christ is) and being in God’s image (which humans are). He explains how humanity’s creation and renewal in God’s image are central, respectively, to human dignity and destiny.

Locating Christ at the center of what God’s image means, Kilner charts a constructive way forward and reflects on the tremendously liberating impact that a sound understanding of the image of God can have in the world today.

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Table of Contents