THE DELIVERANCE OF GOD

An Apocalyptic Rereading of Justification in Paul

Douglas A. Campbell

William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company

Grand Rapids, Michigan / Cambridge, U.K.

© 2009 Douglas A. Campbell

All rights reserved

Hardcover edition published 2009

Paperback edition published 2013 by

Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.

2140 Oak Industrial Drive N.E., Grand Rapids, Michigan 49505 /

P.O. Box 163, Cambridge CB3 9PU U.K.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Campbell, Douglas Atchison, 1961–

The deliverance of God: an apocalyptic rereading of justification in Paul / Douglas A. Campbell.

p. cm.

Includes index.

ISBN 978-0-8028-7073-5 (pbk.: alk. paper)

1. Justification (Christian theology)—Biblical teaching.

2. Bible. N.T. Epistles of Paul—Theology. I. Title.

BS2655.J8C36 2009

227′.06—dc22

2009013119

www.eerdmans.com

οὐαὶ μοί ἐστιν ἐὰν μὴ εὐαγγελίσωμαι

To Rachel, Rupert, and Georgia,

whose sacrifices are inscribed unseen on every page

Contents

table of chapters and sections

acknowledgments

abbreviations

preface

introduction—Common Problems and a Complex Culprit

Part One—Justification Theory, and Its Implications

1. The Heart of the Matter: The Justification Theory of Salvation

1. Preamble

1.1. Basis

1.2. Rigor

1.3. The Question of Nomenclature

1.4. The Contribution of Federal Calvinism

2. The First Phase: The Rigorous Contract

2.1. The Opening Progression

2.2. The Future Eschatological Caveat

2.3. The Introspective Twist

2.4. The Loop of Despair

2.5. The Loop of Foolishness

3. The Second Phase: The Generous Contract

3.1. The Satisfaction of God’s Justice

3.2. The Appropriation of Salvation

4. Summary of the Argumentative Progressions in Propositional Form

5. “Root Metaphors”

2. Intrinsic Difficulties

1. Preamble

2. Intrinsic Difficulties

2.1. Epistemology

2.2. Natural Revelation

2.3. Law

2.4. Anthropology

2.5. Theodicy

2.6. Christology and Atonement

2.7. Faith

3. Systematic Difficulties

1. Preamble

2. An Alternative Pauline Theory

2.1. The Soteriology Apparent in Romans 5–8

2.2. Summary of the Soteriology Apparent in Romans 5–8 in Propositional Form

3. The Resulting Tensions

3.1. Epistemology

3.2. Anthropology

3.3. Theology

3.4. Christology and Atonement

3.5. Soteriology

3.6. Faith

3.7. Ethics

3.8. Ecclesiology

3.9. Judaism

3.10. Coercion and Violent Punishment

Excursus: The Case—Briefly—against Coercive Violence in Paul

4. The Question of Judaism

1. Preamble

2. E. P. Sanders’s Critique of Conventional Jewish Description in Paul

3. Clarifying Some Key Terms

4. Distinguishing between Theory and Psychology

5. Qualifying the Descriptive Paradigm

6. The Option of Denial

5. The Question of Conversion

1. Preamble—the Question of Conversion

2. Conversion in General

3. Paul’s Conversion

3.1. Preamble

3.2. Paul’s Conversion in His Own Terms

3.3. Paul’s Conversion according to Acts

Excursus: Possible Discrepancies between Acts and the Pauline Data concerning Paul’s Conversion

3.4. Paul’s Silences

Excursus: ...