The Crucifixion of the Warrior God

Interpreting the Old Testament’s Violent Portraits of God in Light of the Cross

Volumes 1 & 2

Gregory A. Boyd

Fortress Press

Minneapolis

THE CRUCIFIXION OF THE WARRIOR GOD

Interpreting the Old Testament’s Violent Portraits of God in Light of the Cross

Volumes 1 & 2

Copyright © 2017 Fortress Press. All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in critical articles or reviews, no part of this book may be reproduced in any manner without prior written permission from the publisher. Email copyright@1517.media or write to Permissions, Fortress Press, PO Box 1209, Minneapolis, MN 55440-1209.

Cover design: Brad Norr

2-volume set:

Print ISBN: 978-1-5064-2075-2

eBook ISBN: 978-1-5064-2076-9

To my brave sister, Debbie Sparrow

Contents

Volume 1

Abbreviations

Introduction: The “Magic Eye” of the Crucified Christ

Part I. The Centrality of the Crucified Christ

1. The Faith of Jacob: Wrestling With “Strange” and “Alien” Portraits of God

2. The True Face of God: The Absoluteness of the Revelation of God in Christ

3. Finding Jesus in the Old Testament: The Christocentric Hermeneutic of the Early Church

4. The Cruciform Center, Part 1: The Cross as the Supreme Revelation of God

5. The Cruciform Center, Part 2: The Cross as the Thematic Center of the Gospel

6. Is the Centrality of the Cross Thesis Defensible? Responding to Objections

Part II. The Problem of Divine Violence

7. The Dark Side of the Bible: Taking a Hard Look at Scripture’s “Texts of Terror”

8. Wrestling with Yahweh’s Violence, Part 1: The Dismissal Solution

9. Wrestling with Yahweh’s Violence, Part 2: The Synthesis Solution

Part III. The Cruciform Hermeneutic

10. A Meaning Worthy of God: The Reinterpretation Solution

11. Through the Lens of the Cross: Finding the Crucified Christ in Violent Depictions of God

12. Interpreting Scripture as God’s Word: The Cruciform Hermeneutic and the Theological Interpretation of Scripture

Appendix I: The Alleged Anti-Judaic Attitude of the Gospels

Appendix II: Jesus and Violence

Appendix III: Violence in the Pauline Epistles

Appendix IV: Violence in the Book of Revelation

Volume 2

Introduction: Something Else Is Going On

Part IV. The Principle of Cruciform Accommodation

13. The “Masks” of a Humble God: Revelation and the Eternal Outpouring of the Triune God

14. The Heavenly Missionary: Yahweh’s Accommodation of the Law, Nationalism, and Violence

Part V. The Principle of Redemptive Withdrawal

15. Divine Aikido: The Cross as the Revelation of God’s “Wrath”

16. Crime and Punishment: Divine Withdrawal and the Self-Destructive Nature of Sin

17. Doing and Allowing: The Crucicentric Significance of Scripture’s Dual Speech Pattern

18. A Question of Divine Culpability: Responding to Objections to the Principle of Redemptive Withdrawal

19. Defending Divine Genocide: The Inadequacy of Traditional Defenses of the Conquest Narrative

20. When God’s Nonviolent Plans Fail: The Cruciform Interpretation of the Conquest Narrative...

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About The Crucifixion of the Warrior God: Interpreting the Old Testament’s Violent Portraits of God in Light of the Cross, Volumes 1 & 2

Renowned pastor-theologian Gregory A. Boyd proposes a revolutionary way to read the Bible in this epic but accessible study. His “cruciform hermeneutic” stands as a challenge to the field of biblical studies and to all thoughtful Christians.

A dramatic tension confronts every Christian believer and interpreter of Scripture: on the one hand, we encounter Old Testament stories of God commanding horrendous violence. On the other hand, we read the unequivocally nonviolent teachings of Jesus in the New Testament. Reconciling these two has challenged Christians and theologians for two millennia.

Throughout Christian history, various answers have been proposed, ranging from the long-rejected explanation that these contrasting depictions are of two entirely different “gods” to recent social, cultural, and literary theories that attempt to dispel the conflict.

The Crucifixion of the Warrior God takes up this dramatic tension and the range of proposed answers in an ambitious constructive investigation. Over two volumes, Gregory A. Boyd argues that we must take seriously the full range of Scripture as inspired, including its violent depictions of God. At the same time, he affirms the absolute centrality of the crucified and risen Christ as the supreme revelation of God.

Developing a theological interpretation of Scripture that he labels a “cruciform hermeneutic,” Boyd demonstrates how the Bible’s violent images of God are reframed and their violence subverted when interpreted through the lens of the cross and resurrection. Indeed, when read in this way, Boyd argues that these violent depictions bear witness to the same self-sacrificial nature of God that was ultimately revealed on the cross.

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