A Concise Lexicon of Late Biblical Hebrew

Linguistic Innovations in the Writings of the Second Temple Period

By

Avi Hurvitz

In collaboration with

Leeor Gottlieb, Aaron Hornkohl and Emmanuel Mastéy

BRILL

LEIDEN | BOSTON

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Hurvitz, Avi.

A concise lexicon of late biblical Hebrew : linguistic innovations in the writings of the Second Temple period / by Avi Hurvitz ; in collaboration with Leeor Gottlieb, Aaron Hornkohl and Emmanuel Mastey.

pages cm. — (Supplements to Vetus Testamentum, ISSN 0083-5889 ; v. 160)

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN 978-90-04-26611-7 (hardback : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-90-04-26643-8 (e-book : alk. paper) 1. Hebrew language—Grammar, Comparative. 2. Hebrew language, Post-Biblical—Grammar, Comparative. 3. Hebrew language, Talmudic—Grammar, Comparative. 4. Aramaic language—Grammar, Comparative. 5. Bible. Old Testament—Language, style. 6. Rabbinical literature—History and criticism. I. Title.

PJ4564.H87 2014

492.4’7—dc23

2014005274

issn 0083-5889

isbn 978 90 04 26611 7 (hardback)

isbn 978 90 04 26643 8 (e-book)

Copyright 2014 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Koninklijke Brill nv incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Nijhoff, Global Oriental and Hotei Publishing.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher.

Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill nv provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, ma 01923, usa. Fees are subject to change.

Supplements to Vetus Testamentum

Editor in Chief

Christl M. Maier

Editorial Board

R.P. Gordon

J. Joosten

G.N. Knoppers

A. van der Kooij

A. Lemaire

S.L. McKenzie

C.A. Newsom

H. Spieckermann

J. Trebolle Barrera

N. Wazana

S.D. Weeks

H.G.M. Williamson

VOLUME 160

The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/vts

This volume is dedicated with gratitude to Mark and Becky Lanier

and the Lanier Theological Library for their long and faithful support

in the production of this dictionary.

Contents

Preface

Prolegomenon

Structure of the Entries

List of Abbreviations and Sigla

אִגֶּרֶת

אֲדָר

אֲדַרְכֹּן

אַחַר זֶה / אַחֲרֵי (כָּל) זֹאת

אֵין + inf.

אֱלוּל

אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל

בהל

בּוּץ, בֻּץ

בִּזָּה

בִּירָה, בִּירָנִית

בֵּית (הָ)אוֹצָר

בֵּית הַכַּפֹּרֶת

בֵּית מִקְדָּשׁ

בֵּית קְבָרוֹת

בֵּית קֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים

בִּנְיָן

בעת

בַּקָּשָׁה

בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה׳

גִּזְבָּר

גֶּנֶז

גַּנְזַךְ

דוח

דָּוִיד

דַּרְכְּמוֹן

דַּרְמֶשֶׂק

דרש

דָּת

זָוִית

(ל)טוֹב(ה) + √זכר

זמן

זְמַן

זַן

חפה

טֵבֵת

יחשׂ

יַחַשׂ

יְרוֹּשָלַיִם

יֵשׁוּעַ

ישט

כְּאֶחָד

כִּסְלֵו

כעס

כִּרְצוֹן (√עשה)

כְּתָב

לְאֵין

לְהַרְבֵּה (מְאֹד)

לָרֹב מְאֹד

מִ … וּלְמַעְלָה

מַאֲמָר

מַדָּע

מִדְרָשׁ

מַלְכוּת

מְעַטִּים

מַעֲרָב

נְבוּאָה

נדב...

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About A Concise Lexicon of Late Biblical Hebrew: Linguistic Innovations in the Writings of the Second Temple Period

The Hebrew language may be divided into the Biblical, Mishnaic, Medieval, and Modern periods. Biblical Hebrew has its own distinct linguistic profile, exhibiting a diversity of styles and linguistic traditions that extends over 1,000 years. It includes tangible diachronic developments, which may serve as chronological milestones in tracing the linguistic history of biblical Hebrew.

Unlike standard dictionaries, whose scope and extent are dictated by the contents of the biblical concordance, this lexicon includes only 80 lexical entries. Each entry was chosen specifically for a diachronic investigation of late biblical Hebrew, illustrating the fifth-century watershed that separated Classical Hebrew from post-Classical biblical Hebrew. The emphasis is placed on linguistic contrasts, illuminating a rich collection of examples that contrasts Classical biblical Hebrew with late biblical Hebrew, biblical Hebrew with rabbinic Hebrew, and Hebrew with Aramaic.

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