A Concise Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament

BASED UPON THE LEXICAL WORK OF

Ludwig Koehler and Walter Baumgartner

BY

WILLIAM L. HOLLADAY

BRILL

LEIDEN ∙ BOSTON ∙ KÖLN

2000

Library of Congress Catologing-in Publication data

Holladay, William Lee.

A concise Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament / by William L. Holladay. Based upon the work of Ludwig Koehler and Walter Baumgartner.

ISBN 9004026134 (alk. paper)

1. Hebrew language—Dictionaries—English. 2. Aramaic language—Dictionaries—English. 3. Bible. O.T.—Language, style.

PJ4833.H6 1971b

221.4/4/03 20—dc21

99-774396

CIP

Deutsche Bibliotheck—CIP-Einheitsaufnahame

Holladay, William Lee:

A concise Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament

/ by William L. Holladay.

Based upon the work of Ludwig Koehler and Walter Baumgartner

- Leiden; Boston; Köln: Brill, 2000

ISBN 90-04-02613-4

ISBN 90 04 026134

© Copyright 2000 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands

First published 1971 by E. J. Brill and Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.,

255 Jefferson Ave. SE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503

This twelfth corrected impression published 1991, by E.J. Brill and Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.

Reprinted, 2000

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher.

Introduction

The advent of the first edition of the Lexicon in Veteris Testamenti Libros of Ludwig Koehler and Walter Baumgartner (1953) was a major event in recent Old Testament studies, gathering together as it did a vast treasure of lexicographical material which had become available up to the time of publication, with renderings into both German and English; and the Supplementum ad Lexicon in Veteris Testamenti Libros (1958)—which, together with the first edition, was then called the second edition—included both corrections and more recent material from the five intervening years. This lexicon broke with the classic lexicographical tradition of Gesenius, represented in English by A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament of Brown, Driver, and Briggs (1907, corrected impression 1952), and took a fresh look at all the lexical evidence. One advantage of the Koehler-Baumgartner Lexicon was immediately evident to everyone who used it: it offered a strictly alphabetical order of entries rather than an arrangement by verbal roots, an innovation (along with the provision of generous cross-references) which saved the user much time. More fundamentally, the lexicon took full advantage of the colossal increase in our knowledge of Semitic linguistics (exemplified by the discovery of Ugaritic). But the increase of our knowledge has continued unabated in the years since, and the need to remedy the apparent defects in the first/second edition and to take account of that steady increase in our knowledge has rendered a revision more ...