The

Cities of St. Paul

Their influence on his life and thought

the cities of eastern asia minor

by sir

W. M. Ramsay, Kt., Hon. D.C.L., etc.

professor of humanity in the university of aberdeen

New York

A. C. Armstrong and Son

3 & 5 west eighteenth street

MCMVIII

plate xiii.

Seat of the Mevlevi Dervishes: the Religious Centre of Iconium

See p. 375.

Preface

The subject of these lectures has proved much larger than was anticipated in my original plan, and I have been obliged to omit the Pauline Cities of the Aegean coasts, important as they were in St. Paul’s career, and to refrain from discussing his words and metaphors, as I had hoped to do in Part VII.

Parts III–VI. treat the same subject as was handled in Chapters XII.–XV. of the Introduction to the Historical Commentary on the Epistle to the Galatians; but, whereas there the aim was to collect all the information that could be gathered about the Galatian cities, here the object is to understand the character of each as an experiment in the amalgamation of Asiatic and European in a social organism, and to appreciate the unity which runs through its history from century to century.

I add a confirmation of the view stated in p. 204 f. as to the veil being the authority of the woman in Oriental society. In the Hebrew marriage ceremony, as it is celebrated in modern Palestine, I am informed that the husband snatches off the bride’s veil and throws it on his own shoulder, as a sign that he has assumed authority over her.

Considerable parts of this book have appeared as articles, especially in the Contemporary Review and the Expositor. With the large tax levied on my time and strength by college duties in winter and exploration in summer, the task of composing a book would be beyond my powers, were I not able in this way to take it in parts, working up each as opportunity offers, but having always the general plan in mind. Several of the articles were written in trains or remote places, but they were composed long before they were written. Most of them have been greatly modified and, I hope, improved in their present form.

W. M. RAMSAY.

Contents

Part I

Paulinism in the Græco-Roman World

§ I. Introduction

§ II. The Pauline Philosophy of History

§ III. The Pauline Contrasted with the Modern Method

§ IV. St. Paul and Hellenism

§ V. Hellenism and Hebraism

§ VI. The Empire as the World’s Hope

§ VII. Paulinism in the Roman Empire

§ VIII. Conclusion

Part II

Tarsus

§ I. Introduction

§ II. The Situation of Tarsus

§ III. Tarsus and the Plain of Cilicia

§ IV. Tarsus, the River and the Sea

§ V. Tarsus and the Cilician Gates

§ VI. The Ionians in Early Tarsus

§ VII. Tarsus as an Oriental Town

§ VIII. Legends of Early Tarsus

§ IX. The Religion of Tarsus

§ X. The Revival of Greek Influence

§ XI. Tarsus as the Greek Colony Antiocheia

§ XII. The Greeks in Tarsus—Antiocheia

§ XIII. The Jews in Tarsus

§ XIV. The Jews settled in Tarsus in 171 b.c.

§ XV. Tarsus the Hellenistic City

§ XVI. Tarsus as ...