CHRISTIAN APOLOGETICS

past and present

A Primary Source Reader

(VOLUME 2, FROM 1500)

Edited by

WILLIAM EDGAR

K. SCOTT OLIPHINT

wheaton, illinois

Christian Apologetics Past and Present: A Primary Source Reader (Volume 2, From 1500)

Copyright © 2011 by William Edgar and K. Scott Oliphint

Published by Crossway

1300 Crescent Street

Wheaton, Illinois 60187

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher, except as provided for by USA copyright law.

Cover design: Amy Bristow

Cover photo: National Portrait Gallery and Bridgeman Art Library

Interior design: Lakeside Design Plus

The volume editors’ Scripture quotations are from the ESV® Bible (The Holy Bible, English Standard Version®), copyright © 2001 by Crossway. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Christian apologetics past and present: a primary source reader / William Edgar and K. Scott Oliphint, eds.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-1-58134-906-1 (hc)

1. Apologetics—History—Sources. I. Edgar, William, 1944– II. Oliphint, K. Scott, 1955– III. Title. BT1109.C57 2009

239—dc22

2008050655

Contents

Introduction to Volume 2

Part 1. The Reformation, Post-Reformation (Protestant), and Catholic Reformation

Part 1 Introduction

1. Martin Luther

2. John Calvin

3. Robert Bellarmine

4. John Owen

5. Follow-Up

Part 2. Modernity and the Challenge of Reason

Part 2 Introduction

6. Blaise Pascal

7. Joseph Butler

8. Jonathan Edwards

9. William Paley

10. Friedrich Schleiermacher

11. Follow-Up

Part 3. The Global Era: Christian Faith and a Changing World

Part 3 Introduction

12. Søren Kierkegaard

13. Abraham Kuyper

14. James Orr

15. Benjamin B. Warfield

16. G. K. Chesterton

17. J. Gresham Machen

18. Cornelius Van Til

19. C. S. Lewis

20. Hans Urs von Balthasar

21. Lesslie Newbigin

22. Francis A. Schaeffer

23. Follow-Up

Part 4. Issues Today and Tomorrow

Part 4 Introduction

24. Alvin Plantinga

25. Merold Westphal

26. Os Guinness

27. Jean-Luc Marion

28. William Lane Craig

29. Francis Collins

30. Follow-Up

General Index

Scripture Index

Introduction to Volume 2

In the first volume of Christian Apologetics Past and Present we presented primary texts from the close of the apostolic age until the eve of the Reformation. Here we move from the Reformation to the present age. Because of the limitations of space, we could only choose a handful of texts from among the vast numbers available. Further, the cost of obtaining permission for the many publications not yet in the public domain makes republishing all of them prohibitive. As a compromise we have added to the fuller texts a series of “follow-up” sections, ...