GOD’S ISRAEL

AND THE

ISRAEL OF GOD

PAUL AND SUPERSESSIONISM

EDITED BY

MICHAEL F. BIRD & SCOT MCKNIGHT

God’s Israel and the Israel of God: Paul and Supersessionism

Copyright 2023 Michael F. Bird and Scot McKnight

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Print ISBN 9781683596080

Digital ISBN 9781683596097

Library of Congress Control Number 2021948185

Lexham Editorial: Derek Brown, David Bomar, Mandi Newell, Katrina Smith, Jordan Short

Cover Design: Joshua Hunt, Brittany Schrock

CONTENTS

Abbreviations

Contributors

Introduction to Paul and the Supersession Controversy

Michael F. Bird

PART 1: PAULINE SUPERSESSIONISM REVISITED

The Sport of Supersessionism: A Game to Be Played

Scot McKnight

Paul’s Messianic Eschatology and Supersessionism

Michael F. Bird

Paul, Galatians, and Supersessionism

Ben Witherington III

PART 2: RESPONDENTS

Thinking about Supersessionism from Paul to Melito of Sardis

Lynn H. Cohick

A Messianic Jewish Response

David J. Rudolph

Paul, Nostra Aetate, and Irrevocable Gifts in Light of Romans’ Plant Metaphor

Janelle Peters

A Critical Response to Pauline Supersessionism

Ronald Charles

Concluding Reflections

Scot McKnight

Subject & Author Index

Scripture & Extrabiblical Sources Index

ABBREVIATIONS

AGAJU Arbeiten zur Geschichte des Antiken Judentums und des Urchristentums

CD Cairo Genizah copy of the Damascus Document

Cels. Origen, Contra Celsum

Conf. Ling. De confusione linguarum

CUP Cambridge University Press

Disc. De disciplina christiana

Ep. Epistulae

Flacc. In Flaccum

Haer. Irenaeus, Adversus haereses

Hist. Tacitus, Histories

HTR Harvard Theological Review

HTS Harvard Theological Studies

Hom. In Rom. Homilia in epistulam ad Romanos

JTS Journal of Theological Studies

Leg. Legum allegoriae

Migr. Abr. De migratione Abrahami

MTSR Method and Theory in the Study of Religion

NICNT New International Commentary on the New Testament

PP Peri Pascha

Rer. Div. Her. Quis rerum divinarum heres sit

TAPA Transactions of the American Philological Association

War Josephus, Jewish Wars

WUNT Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament

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GIIG:PS

About God’s Israel and the Israel of God: Paul and Supersessionism

Paul and Jewish identity after Christ.

Paul believed Israel’s Messiah had come. But what does this mean for Israel? Debate rages over Paul and supersessionism: the question of whether—and if so, to what extent—the new covenant in Christ replaces God’s “old” covenant with Israel. Discussion of supersessionism carries much historical, theological, and political baggage, complicating attempts at dialogue.

God’s Israel and the Israel of God: Paul and Supersessionism pursues fruitful discussion by listening to a variety of perspectives. Scot McKnight, Michael F. Bird, and Ben Witherington III consider supersessionism from political, biblical, and historical angles, each concluding that if Paul believed Jesus was Israel’s Messiah, then some degree of supersessionism is unavoidable. Lynn H. Cohick, David J. Rudolph, Janelle Peters, and Ronald Charles respond to the opening essays and offer their own perspectives.

Readers of God’s Israel and the Israel of God will gain a broader understanding of the debate, its key texts, and the factors that shaped Paul’s view of Israel.

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Table of Contents