BREVARD S. CHILDS

BIBLICAL THEOLOGY OF THE OLD AND NEW TESTAMENTS

Theological Reflection on the Christian Bible

FORTRESS PRESS

MINNEAPOLIS

BIBLICAL THEOLOGY OF THE OLD AND NEW TESTAMENTS

Theological Reflection on the Christian Bible

First Fortress Press paperback edition 2011

Copyright © 1992 Brevard S. Childs. All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in critical articles or reviews, no part of this book may be reproduced in any manner without prior written permission from the publisher. Visit http://www.augsburgfortress.org/copyrights/ or write to Permissions, Augsburg Fortress, Box 1209, Minneapolis, MN 55440.

ISBN 978-0-8006-9832-4

The Library of Congress cataloged the hardcover edition as follows:

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Childs, Brevard S.

Biblical theology of the Old and New Testaments: theological reflection on the Christian Bible / Brevard S. Childs.—1st Fortress Press ed.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and indexes.

ISBN 0-8006-2675-3:

1. Bible—Theology. 2. Bible—Criticism, interpretation, etc.

I. Title.

BS543.C453 1993

230—dc20

Contents

Preface

Abbreviations

1 PROLEGOMENA

I The History of the Discipline of Biblical Theology

1. The Developing of the Discipline

2. Ebeling’s Suggestions for Redefining the Discipline

II Current Models for Biblical Theology

1. Biblical Theology within Dogmatic Categories

2. Allegorical or Typological Approaches

3. Great Ideas or Themes

4. Heilsgeschichte or History of Redemption

5. Literary Approaches to Biblical Theology

6. The Cultural-Linguistic Method

7. Sociological Perspectives on Biblical Theology

8. Jewish Biblical Theology

III Classic Earlier Christian Approaches to Biblical Theology

1. Irenaeus

2. Origen

3. Augustine

4. Thomas Aquinas

5. Martin Luther

6. John Calvin

2 A SEARCH FOR A NEW APPROACH

I The Problem of the Christian Bible

1. The Form of the Jewish Scriptures at the Rise of Christianity

2. The Sources for Determining its Scope

3. Indirect Evidence for Closure

4. The Formation of the Larger Christian Canon

5. The Theological Problems at Stake

II A Canonical Approach to Biblical Theology

1. A Canonical Approach to the Two Testaments

2. Canonical Text or Canonical Interpreter

3. Canonical Shaping and the Two Testaments of the Christian Bible

4. Canonical Guidelines for Structuring a Biblical Theology

III From Witness to Subject Matter

1. Theories of Access to the Subject Matter

2. Redefining the Subject Matter of the Biblical Witness

3. The Theological Task of Biblical Theology

4. The Relation between Biblical Theology and Dogmatics

IV Canonical Categories for Structuring a Biblical Theology

3 THE DISCRETE WITNESS OF THE OLD TESTAMENT

I Methodological Problems

1. Hermeneutical Reflections on Israel’s History

2. Alternative Historical Proposals Criticized

3. Historical Development and Canonical Shaping

II Creation

1. The Growth of the Tradition in Oral and Literary Stages

2. Creation Tradition within the Rest of the Old Testament

III From ...

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About Biblical Theology of the Old and New Testaments: Theological Reflection on the Christian Bible

This monumental work is the first comprehensive biblical theology to appear in many years and is the culmination of Brevard Childs’ lifelong commitment to constructing a biblical theology that surmounts objections to the discipline raised over the past generation.

Childs rejects any approaches that overstress either the continuity or discontinuity between the Old and New Testaments. He refuses to follow the common pattern in Christian thought of identifying biblical theology with the New Testament’s interest in the Old. Rather, Childs maps out an approach that reflects on the whole Christian Bible with its two very different voices, each of which retains continuing integrity and is heard on its own terms.

The problems that arise for such an approach can only, he argues, be resolved by theological reflection that moves from a description of the biblical witnesses to the reality toward which they point. This leads him to deal with complex theological and philosophical issues that have often been neglected in biblical theology and that give this book its exceptional richness.

After introductory chapters outlining the history of biblical theology and the search for a new approach, Childs examines in detail the witnesses of both Old and New Testaments. He then offers examples of exegesis in the context of biblical theology from both Testaments before presenting an extended theological reflection on the major themes of the Christian Bible: the identity of God, God the Creator, the covenant, Christ the Lord, reconciliation, law and gospel, humanity old and new, biblical faith, God’s kingdom and rule, and ethics. The volume ends with an account of a holistic reading of Christian Scripture.

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