Biblical Exegesis in the Apostolic Period
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Biblical Exegesis in the Apostolic Period

Second Edition

Richard N. Longenecker

William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company Grand Rapids, Michigan / Cambridge, U.K.

Regent College Publishing Vancouver

To Dave and Judy, with love!

© 1975, 1999 Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.

Published jointly 1999 by
Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.
255 Jefferson Ave. S.E., Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503 /
P.O. Box 163, Cambridge CB3 9PU U.K.
and by
Regent College Publishing
an imprint of Regent College Bookstore
5800 University Boulevard, Vancouver, B.C. V6T 2E4
All rights reserved

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Longenecker, Richard N.
Biblical exegesis in the apostolic period / Richard N. Longenecker — 2nd ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0–8028–4301–8 (pbk.: alk. paper) 1. Bible — Criticism, interpretation, etc. — History — Early church, ca. 30–600.
2. Bible. N.T. — Relation to the Old Testament.
3. Bible. O.T. — Relation to the New Testament.
I. Title. BS500.L661999
220.6’09’15 — dc21 99–19538
CIP
Regent College Publishing ISBN 1–57383–074–7

Contents

Abbreviations

Preface to the Second Edition

Quotations or Allusions

The Distribution of Biblical Quotations

Inner-Biblical Exegesis or Extrabiblical Exegesis

Identifying, Analyzing, and Defining Exegetical Features in Early Judaism

The Fulfillment Theme in the New Testament

The Christocentric Nature and Pneumatic Quality of New Testament Exegesis

Is There a Sensus Plenior in the New Testament’s Use of the Old?

Can We Reproduce the Exegesis of the New Testament?

The Relation of the Testaments

Introduction

1. Jewish Hermeneutics in the First Century

Sources

Literalist Interpretation

Midrashic Interpretation

Pesher Interpretation

Allegorical Interpretation

Summation

2. Jesus and the Old Testament

A Realistic Appraisal of the Documents

The Phenomena of the Quotations

Literalist and Midrashic Treatments

Pesher Interpretations

A Paradigm for Continued Study

3. Early Christian Preaching and the Old Testament

Sermonic and Catechetical Materials

The Phenomena of the Quotations

Testimonia Verses and Blocks of Biblical Material

Exegetical Presuppositions

Exegetical Practices and Patterns

4. Paul and the Old Testament

The Letters of Paul

The Phenomena of the Quotations

Literalist and Midrashic Treatments

Allegorical Interpretations

Pesher Interpretations

5. The Evangelists and the Old Testament

The Phenomena of the Quotations

The Quotations in Mark and Luke

The Quotations in Matthew

The Quotations in John

6. Hebrews and the Old Testament

The Provenance of the Letter

The Phenomena of the Quotations

Exegetical Presuppositions and Practices

The Biblical Argument

7. Jewish Christian Tractates and the Old Testament

The Nature of the Materials

The Phenomena of the Quotations

Literalist Treatments

Pesher Interpretations

8. The Nature of New Testament Exegesis

Christocentric Interpretation

Common, Diverse, and Developed Exegetical Patterns

The Descriptive and the Normative in Exegesis

Selected ...

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About Biblical Exegesis in the Apostolic Period

The discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls, the Nag Hammadi texts, and new Targums has greatly increased scholarly interest in the relationship between the New Testament and first-century Judaism. This critically acclaimed study sheds light on this relationship by exploring the methods the earliest Christians used to interpret the Old Testament. By comparing the first Christian writings with Jewish documents from the same period, Longenecker helps to discern both the key differences between Christianity and Judaism and the Judaic roots of the Christian faith. The original content has been largely unchanged, though a new forty-one page preface has been included to interact with particular topics of importance. Additions to references in the footnotes concerning recent significant developments and corrections of content in the text have been made. This second edition of Biblical Exegesis in the Apostolic Period seeks to introduce new findings and research since the original release in 1975.

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