Biblical Knowing

A Scriptural Epistemology of Error

DRU JOHNSON

With a foreword by Craig G. Bartholomew

CASCADE Books • Eugene, Oregon

BIBLICAL KNOWING

A Scriptural Epistemology of Error

Copyright © 2013 Dru Johnson. All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in critical publications or reviews, no part of this book may be reproduced in any manner without prior written permission from the publisher. Write: Permissions, Wipf and Stock Publishers, 199 W. 8th Ave., Suite 3, Eugene, OR 97401.

Cascade Books

An Imprint of Wipf and Stock Publishers

199 W. 8th Ave., Suite 3

Eugene, OR 97401

www.wipfandstock.com

isbn 13: 978-1-61097-726-5

Cataloging-in-Publication data:

Johnson, Dru.

Biblical knowing: a scriptural epistemology of error / Dru Johnson; with a foreword by Craig G. Bartholomew.

xxii + 242 pp.; 23 cm—Includes bibliographical references and indices.

isbn 13: 978-1-61097-726-5

1. Knowledge—Theory of, in the Bible. 2. Knowledge—Theory of (Religion). 3. God—Knowableness—Biblical teaching. 4. Bible—Criticism, interpretation, etc. 5. Polanyi, Michael, 1891–1976. I. Bartholomew, Craig G., 1961–. II. Title.

BT40 J545 2013

This work is dedicated to

Stephanie,

Benjamin,

Claudia,

Olivia,

and Luisa

—through whom I have come to know with excellence

our Creator, his creatures, and creation.

Contents

Foreword by Craig G. Bartholomew

Acknowledgements

Introduction

1 How Should We Conceive of Knowledge and Error?

2 Knowing in the Garden: Genesis

3 Error in the Garden: Genesis

4 Erroneous Knowing in Exodus and Beyond

5 Knowing under the Prophet-Messiah: Mark, Luke, and John

6 Scientific Epistemology, Wisdom, and the Epistles

7 Broad Reality and Contemporary Epistemology

8 Analytic Theology and Biblical Scholarship

9 Implications for Theologians and the Church

Bibliography

Scripture Index

Subject and Name Index

Foreword

It is a privilege to write the foreword to Dru Johnson’s creative and excellent work on Biblical Knowing. I had the privilege of being his external examiner for his PhD and am glad to see his work there now gathering further momentum in this impressive book.

Recent decades have witnessed a remarkable renaissance in Christian philosophy, a development unimaginable some thirty years ago. This renaissance has yielded a whole new generation of young Christian philosophers who are steadily making their mark. Dru is one of them. Amidst this renaissance a neglected element has been the relationship between Scripture and philosophy, an important gap that we are starting to see bridged. Biblical Knowing makes a significant contribution to a fresh opening up of the relationship between Scripture and philosophy. This is no easy task, requiring the author to navigate philosophy, biblical studies, and theology. Dru does this masterfully. Having done the hard, rigorous work on this topic in his doctorate, Dru has continued to work away at biblical knowing, and the result is a lucid, accessible text, and yet one that makes an original contribution.

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About Biblical Knowing: A Scriptural Epistemology of Error

Through themes like the knowledge of good and evil, knowing God, and the emphasis of developing Israel into a “wise and discerning people,” Scripture clearly stresses human knowledge and the consequences of error. We, too, long for confidence in our understanding, the assurance that our most basic knowledge is not ultimately incorrect. Biblical Knowing assesses what Israel knew, but more importantly, how Israel was meant to know—introducing a comprehensive Scriptural epistemology, firmly rooted in the Scripture’s own presentation of important epistemological events in the story of Israel. Because modern philosophy has also made authoritative claims about knowledge, Biblical Knowing engages contemporary academic views of knowledge. These views include Reformed epistemology, scientific epistemology, virtue epistemology, and recent philosophical method. This text assesses them for points of fitting with or departing from Scripture’s own epistemology. Additionally, Biblical Knowing explores what proper knowing looks like in the task of theology itself, in the teaching and preaching of the church, and in the context of counseling.

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Table of Contents