Biblical Hebrew and Aramaic Dictionary
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Biblical Hebrew and Aramaic Dictionary

ROBERT R. DUKE

ZONDERVAN ACADEMIC

Biblical Hebrew and Aramaic Dictionary

Copyright © 2024 by Robert R. Duke

Published in Grand Rapids, Michigan, by Zondervan. Zondervan is a registered trademark of The Zondervan Corporation, L.L.C., a wholly owned subsidiary of HarperCollins Christian Publishing, Inc.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Duke, Robert R., author.

Title: Biblical Hebrew and Aramaic dictionary / Robert R . Duke.

Description: Grand Rapids : Zondervan Academic, 2024. | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2024009810 | ISBN 9780310119517 (hardcover)

Subjects: LCSH: Hebrew language--Dictionaries--English. | Aramaic language--Dictionaries--English.

Classification: LCC PJ4833 .D85 2024 | DDC 221.3--dc23/eng/20240325

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2024009810

Any internet addresses (websites, blogs, etc.) and telephone numbers in this book are offered as a resource. They are not intended in any way to be or imply an endorsement by Zondervan, nor does Zondervan vouch for the content of these sites and numbers for the life of this book.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or any other—except for brief quotations in printed reviews, without the prior permission of the publisher.

All translations are the author’s own.

Cover direction: Tammy Johnson

הַט אָזְנְךָ וּשְׁמַע דִּבְרֵי חֲכָמִים וְלִבְּךָ תָּשִׁית לְדַעְתִּי

מִשְׁלֵי כב, יז

In gratitude for my Hebrew and Aramaic

teachers at JUC, HU, and UCLA.

Contents

Preface

Abbreviations and Symbols

Paleo-Hebrew Alphabet

Hebrew Book Names and Order in the Hebrew Bible

Bibliography

Introduction

Alphabetical Dictionary Entries

א /

ב /

ג /

ד /

ה /

ו /

ז /

ח /

ט /

י /

כ /

ל /

מ /

נ /

ס /

ע /

פ /

צ /

ק /

ר /

ש /

ת /

Ancient Sources Index

Hebrew and Aramaic Root Index

Preface

I have taught Hebrew and Aramaic in various contexts and to students pursuing diverse career paths. Some of my former students include those preparing for ordination, others pursuing scholarly careers in Semitic languages, and still others fulfilling an undergraduate general education requirement. Almost all of these students began at the same place, by learning the Aleph-Bet. Very few of my students had any prior knowledge of Hebrew before beginning their first semester. They faced similar challenges and experienced the same joy when they read beloved passages of Scripture in the original language.

By the end of the first year, the students had a good understanding of the grammar and controlled a good ...

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BHAD

About Biblical Hebrew and Aramaic Dictionary

A comprehensive dictionary of Hebrew and Aramaic words occurring 10 times or more for Hebrew words and 5 times or more for Aramaic words. Entries provide a complete overview of the word and include reference and examples from the Old Testament.

Robert R. Duke’s Biblical Hebrew and Aramaic Dictionary provides comprehensive dictionary entries for Hebrew and Aramaic words occurring 10 times or more for Hebrew words and 5 times or more for Aramaic words. Each entry provides a complete overview of the term and then helpfully ties the word’s meaning to references and examples from the Hebrew Bible, aiding vocabulary memorization. An essential reference tool, it includes:

All Hebrew words occurring 10 times or more

All Aramaic words occurring 5 times or more

Examples of the word’s usage in the Old Testament

Entries from several paleo-Hebrew texts, including the Dead Sea Scrolls

The dictionary is an essential reference for beginning, intermediate, and advanced readers of biblical Hebrew.

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Table of Contents